anarchism[more detail] Flashcards
(32 cards)
what are the two strands of anarchism
- collectivist anarchism
- individualist anarchism
what SOCIALIST roots did collectivist anarchism maintain
- common ownership
- removal of private property
- human nature is distorted by capitalism
what are the key ideas of collectivist anarchism
- self governing communities
- direct democracy
- mutual aid (emphasising cooperation and interdependence)
- abolishment of hierarchy
what are the key ideas which anarcho-communists have
- mutual aid and solidarity
- common ownership
- communes (decentralised and self-managed)
who created the concept of mutual aid and what does it mean
PETER KROPOTKIN
- true freedom is only achieved in a society where there is not centralised authority or hierarchy
- resources are communally owned and distributed according to need
- communes are autonomous but do not live in isolation = connected through federations which would coordinate the resources to be diffused on a regional/national/international scale
who believes in mutalism in terms of strands in anarchism
- collectivists and individualist
- contractualism, balancing collective and individual interests
who developed the concept of mutualism and how does it affect the mutualist strand
- Proudhon
- everyone contributes according to their ability
- owner’s property is based on possession rather than private property
- sought to protect individual autonomy grounded in contractualism
what are the key ideas of anarcho-syndicalism
- stateless society should be organised into trade unions
- emphasises role of organised labour and argues that collective action through the working class is the only way to receive true freedom
collectivist anarchism in practice IN PARIS
- Paris Commune 1871
- rejected conservative government
- parisians made their own anarcho-communist communes
- this got shut down by government with a lot of murder
key similarities and differences between individualist and collectivist anarchism
BOTH
- strongly opposed to the state/collective structures and its coercive powers
key differences between individualist and collectivist anarchism IN TERMS OF HUMAN NATURE
INDIVIDUALIST
- freedom is realised when individuals are entirely self-reliant an free to act what they want (ATOMISTIC)
- reject idea that liberty should be balanced with social equality
- absence of any imposed regulations (state expectations/sharing resources)
COLLECTIVIST
- human nature is inherently cooperative
- mutual aid and communal living are instrumental to society
how did MAX STIRNER impact individualist anarchism
- believe in freedom from interference
- the concept of a minimalist state is unacceptable
- reject any external authority
what did MAX STIRMER quote about egoism
“I am my own only when I am the master of myself”
what does egoism argue
- prioritises the sovereignty of the individual over all
- opposes any system/ ideology/ collective which limits individual autonomy
what did stirner argue about the INDIVIDUAL
they are the sole reality and should be the ultimate focus of all human thought and action
what did stirner argue about the HUMAN NATURE
- rejects idea that human are naturally sociable and cooperative
- directly opposing collectivist anarchists ‘mutual aid’
what did stirner argue about the STATE
- oppose all forms of authority, including the state, society and religion as structures promote collectivist ideas (“spooks”)
- oppose collectivist anarchism as they are persuaded that they will replicate authority
what did stirner argue about the OVERTURNING OF THE STATE
- could not be dismantled through revolution as this is a collective action which he rejects
- INSURRECTION = individual, personal rejection and all forms of institutions which would impact their personal opinions
what did anarhco communists argue about the FREE MARKET
- state is unjust and monopolistic
- taxation is theft, especially when it comes to social programmes
- only true way to achieve true economic freedom is by getting rid of the state
what are the two main aspects of the state for anarchism
- authority = control lives’ and decisions through law and power
- power = protects authority through this (ILLUSION OF LIBERTY)
3 reasons as to why anarchists hate the state
- denies liberty
- state exploits and oppresses
- corrupts human nature
what do anarcho-capitlaists believe about market regulations
- state is unjust and monopolistic
- taxation is theft (especially societal programmes)
how do anarchists agree when it comes to the removal of the state
- Direct Action
- Propaganda by the Deed (symbolic acts design too demonstrate opposition)
what is Goldman’s and Bakunin’s view on the abolishment of the state
- strongly support
- only way to receive true liberation
- advocate for violent and collective revolution
- rejecting reformist approach would be considered as futile
