how many bones in axial skeleton?
80
what is the only movable bone in face?
mandible
two main parts of mandible
- horizontal body
- two upright rami
4 paranasal sinuses
- frontal sinus
- ethmoidal air cells (sinus)
- sphenoidal sinus
- maxillary sinus
how many vertebrae in the vertebral column?
31
three parts of the sternum
manubrium
body
xiphoid process
rib attaches to vertebrae by…
ligaments
fontanelle
last part of the bone to solidify
joints A.K.A.
articulations
how many pairs of cranial nerves?
12
largest and strongest facial bone?
mandible (lower jaw)
Air-filled sinuses are located within:
- Frontal bone
- Ethmoid bone
- Sphenoid bone
- Maxillary bones
bone lies inferior to the mandible
hyoid bone
only bone with no direct articulation with any other bone
hyoid bone
acts as a movable base for the tongue
hyoid bone
what surrounds and protects the spinal cord?
the vertebral column
vertebral column is held together by…
ligaments
serves as attachment sites for muscles on neck and back
the vertebral column
sacrum
five fused bones
Inferior to lumbar vertebrae
coccyx
inferior to sacrum
the atlas (C1) lacks
a body and spinous process
what allows flexion and extension of neck? Supports the skull?
atlas (C1)
the axis (C2) has
a body and spinous process
Cleft palate
A common congenital disorder; right and left halves of palate fail to fuse medially
Stenosis of the lumbar spine
Narrowing of the vertebral canal; can compress roots of spinal nerves
Scoliosis
an abnormal lateral curvature
Kyphosis
an exaggerated thoracic curvature
Lordosis
an accentuated lumbar curvature; “swayback”
The Axial Skeleton Throughout Life
Membrane bones begin to ossify in second month of development;
Bone tissue grows outward from ossification centers
Fontanelles
Unossified remnants of membranes