Anatomic Syndromes Flashcards
(49 cards)
Function of orbitofrontal area:
Voluntary action
Decision making
Socially appropriate behavior
Symptoms of orbitofrontal syndrome:
Socially inappropriate behavior:
- Witzelsucht (joking addiction)
- Disinhibition
- Echopraxia
- Utilization behavior
What is utilization behavior?
Reaching out and using objects in the environment in an automatic manner
Reflexive picking up a cup and drinking out of it
Function of the dorsolateral frontal area:
Executive functions, working memory, and selective attention
Symptoms of convexity syndrome:
Poor attention, motor programming, and immediate recall
What test is good for evaluation of dorsolateral abnormalities?
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test
Mesial frontal cortex function:
Mediates motivated behavior, such as initiation of movement or speech
Symptoms of mesial frontal cortex syndrome (also known as anterior cingulate circuit syndrome)
Amotivation, apathy, and akinesis
B/l lesions - akinetic mutism
Patients can be incontinent and may only eat or drink when fed
What is the treatment for mesial frontal cortex syndrome?
Methylphenidate
Where is the lesion in a Broca’s aphasia?
Posterior inferior frontal gyrus
Where is the lesion in kluver-bucy syndrome?
Bilateral temporal lesions involving the amygdala
What the symptoms of kluver-bucy syndrome?
Hypermetamorphosis (urge to touch everything), compulsive eating, and hypersexuality
What is prosopagnosia/visual agnosia?
Failure to identify objects and faces by visual identification
What is the capgras delusion?
Variant of prosopagnosia in which the patient believes that a friend, spouse, or a close family member has been replaced by an impostor
Lesion in capgras delusion:
Fusiform gyrus; occipito-temporal cortex
Apperceptive prosopagnosia:
Impaired object recognition. They are unable to recognize faces. However, they may be able to recognize people based on non-face clues
Lesion in apperceptive prosopagnosia:
Right occipital-temporal area
Associative prosopagnosia:
Impaired object identification. Can copy images but can not identify an image.
Symptoms of associative prosopagnosia:
Right anterior temporal area, more often bilateral.
Lesion in Wernicke’s Aphasia:
Superior temporal gyrus
Agraphesthesia
Inability to recognize letters or numbers drawn by fingertip on the patient’s skin
Astereognosis
Inability to recognize an object by touch
Ideomotorapraxia
Impaired understanding of tool functions
Can name a hammer but not what it does
What is Gerstmann syndrome?
Agraphia, acalculia, finger agnosia, and left/right confusion
