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Neurology Board Review > Psych > Flashcards

Psych Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

What are common comorbidities to factitious disorder?

A

Borderline personality disorder
Antisocial personality disorder
History of trauma (sexual, verbal, and/or emotional)

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2
Q

What is factitious disorder?

A

Pt assumes a sick role in the absence of any true disease
Will intentionally produce symptoms in the absence of external incentives.

Value on emotional comfort from being cared for, may not have insight

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3
Q

What is malingering?

A

Pt assumes the sick role with goal of obtaining something
ie. medication, shelter

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4
Q

What is conversion disorder?

A

Motor or sensory dysfunction that causes distress to pt that can’t be explained by any neurological/medical disorder

Symptoms are subcontiousally produced

While stress is a common trigger, not needed for dx

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5
Q

Average age of presentation for somatic symptom/somatoform disorder:

A

Before 30 years old

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6
Q

What is somatic symptom/somatoform disorder?

A

Recurrent and multiple somatic complaints not due to any physical disorder

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7
Q

DSM V criteria for diagnosis of somatic symptom disorder:

A
  1. Four pain symptoms
  2. Two gastrointestinal symptoms
  3. One sexual symptom
  4. At least one symptom or deficit suggesting a neurologic condition not limited to pain (pseudo-neurologic)
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8
Q

What is a dissociative disorder?

A

Disruption of normally integrated functions of consciousness, environmental perception, memory, and identity

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9
Q

What is dissociative fugue?

A

Pts will present in a new geographic location with amnesia and possibly a new identity
Can be associated with traumatic circumstances

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10
Q

Symptoms of major depressive disorder:

A
  • Sleep
  • Loss of interest
  • Guilt
  • Loss of energy
  • Loss of concentration
  • Appetite/weight changes
  • Psychomotor retardation,
  • Suicidal ideations

SIGECAPS

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11
Q

How long must symptoms last to be classified as major depressive disorder?

A

Long than 2 weeks

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12
Q

MDD may be associated with low ___ levels in the brain.

A

Serotonin

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13
Q

Specific suicidal risk factors:

A

Severe depression
Widowed/divorced
Male gender
Age over 45
White ethnicity
Past suicide attempts

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14
Q

What neurologic diseases have higher risks of depression and suicide?

A
  • Parkinson’s disease
  • Stroke
  • Epilepsy
  • Huntington’s disease
  • Multiple sclerosis
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15
Q

What therapy should be considered for for refractory MDD?

A

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

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16
Q

Contraindications to electroconvulsive therapy?

A

Recent stroke
Myocardial infarction
Increased intracranial pressure
Having an intracranial space-occupying lesion

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17
Q

What is dysthymia?

A

Mild depression for 2 years or longer

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18
Q

What are the defining features of bipolar disorder?

A

Depression and recurrent episodes of hypomania/mania

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19
Q

Catatonia symptoms

Study These Flashcards
A

Akinetic mutism
Waxy flexibility
Echopraxia/echolalia
Utilization behavior
Automatic obedient behavior

20
Q

Treatment for cataonia:

Study These Flashcards
A

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Benzodiazepines may also be beneficial

21
Q

What medications can worsen catatonia?

Study These Flashcards
A

Dopamine antagonists
Baclofen

22
Q

Cluster A personality disorders:

Study These Flashcards
A

Paranoid
Schizoid
Schizotypal

23
Q

Cluster B personality disorders:

Study These Flashcards
A

Borderline
Histrionic
Antisocial
Narcissistic

24
Q

Cluster C personality disorders:

Study These Flashcards
A

Avoidant
Obsessive compulsive
Dependent

25
Characteristics of paranoid personality disorder:
Excessive suspicion and distrust of others
26
Characteristics of schizoid personality disorder:
Blunted affect and emotion. Prefers to be alone.
27
Characteristics of schizotypal personality disorder:
Magical thinking, odd and eccentric behavior Paranoid ideation
28
Characteristics of borderline personality disorder:
Splitting/dichotomous thinking Impulsive outbursts of anger, suicidal gestures, self-mutilation, and dissociative states Unstable mood/interpersonal relationships
29
Characteristics of histrionic personality disorder:
Excessive pattern of emotionality and attention-seeking behavior Inappropriately sexually provocative Overly concerned about their appearance. | Lively, dramatic, enthusiastic, and flirtatious
30
Characteristics of antisocial personality disorder:
Disregard for authority and violation of the rights of others Men > women Tend to have a history of substance abuse.
31
Characteristics of avoidant personality disorder:
Avoids social interactions with others
32
Characteristics of narcissistic personality disorder:
Grandiosity, a sense of entitlement, and a lack of empathy
33
Characteristics of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder:
Heightened focus on organization and intricacies Does not have pervasive compulsions that impair functioning
34
Characteristics of dependent personality disorder:
Excessive reliance on others Often described someone always in a relationship Needy
35
What is the hallmark of a panic disorder?
Fear of having a panic attack which can impair function Recurrent panic attacks
36
What are the symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder?
Involuntary distressing memories Flashbacks Avoidance of reminders
37
How long must symptoms persist to be considered PTSD?
More than a month
38
Mainstay treatment for PTSD?
SSRIs ## Footnote SNRIs, trazodone, and mirtazapine can also be used
39
Treatment for PTSD nightmares?
Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist ## Footnote Prazosin
40
What are the symptoms of schizophrenia?
Bizarre delusions Hallucinations (auditory>visual) Disorganized speech/behavior “Negative symptoms” with flat affect or social withdrawal ## Footnote cognitive deficits in executive function, processing speed, attention, and working memory
41
How long must symptoms be present for a diagnosis of schizophrenia?
>6 months
42
Schizophrenic symptoms <1 month:
Brief psychotic disorder
43
Schizophrenic symptoms between 1-6 months:
Schizophreniform disorder
44
What is Childhood Disintegrative Disorder (CDD)?
Rare condition characterized by late onset (>2-3 years of age) of developmental delays in language, social function, and motor skills No specific medical cause associated Causes regression
45
How must the diagnosis of ADHD be made?
Symptoms must be present in two separate settings
46
What is William's Syndrome?
Microdeletion syndrome of chromosome 7
47
Symptoms of William's syndrome:
Developmental delay Congenital heart defects (i.e. aortic stenosis) Hypercalcemia Characteristic facial features (microcephaly, large mouth, and epicanthal folds). ## Footnote excellent social and language skills

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