Anatomical landmarks on a living body Flashcards
How many cervical vertebrae?
7
How many thoracic vertebrae?
12
How many lumbar vertebrae?
5
How many sacral vertebrae?
5 (fused)
How many coccygeal vertebrae?
2-4 (fused)
What helps the vertebrae withstand forces of compression and torsion?
Annulus fibrosus and Nucleus pulposus - water and loose network of collagen fibres
Lines that you need to know on the body:
Anterior median line (straight thru jugular notch), Midclavicular line (midclavicle), Anterior axillary line (follow outside of shoulder around), Midaxiallary line, Posterior axillary line, Posterior median line (thru spine), Scapular line (inferior angle of scapula)
Anterior landmarks:
Jugular notch, Sternal angle (2nd rib!!), xiphisternum, costal margin, 6th rib (nipple usually)
Posterior landmarks:
C7 - bumpy bit at neck
Root of spine of scapula - T2, Top 1/3 of scapula - T3, Inferior angle of scapula - T7, T12, L4 (in line with highest point of pelvis)
Anterior landmarks of lungs and pleura:
Apex: Inch above medial 3rd of clavicle, inferior surface of lung - 6th rib/nipple, bottom of pleura 8th rib
NB: LL has cardiac notch between 4-6th rib
Posterior landmarks of lungs and pleura:
Apex: T1, inferior surface of lung 10 and 8th ribs(near midaxillary line), pleural bottom T12 or rib 12 and 10(near midaxillary line)
Where are the fissures of the lungs located?
Horizontal (RL) 4th rib
Oblique (L and R) starts at 6th rib in line with midclavicular line, goes around to back and reaches T4
Where are the hilum located?
Mid-point of scapular and posterior median line opposite spines - T4-6
Where to auscultate anteriorally:
Apex of lung (above sternum), Superior lobe (sternal angle - 2nd intercostal space), Middle lobe (RL - next to nipple 4th intercostal space), Inferior lobe (Anterior axillary line - 6th intercostal space)
Where to auscultate posteriorally:
Apex (above scapula), Superior lobe (2nd intercostal space, superior angle of scapula), Inferior lobe (under inferior angle of scapula)
