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Evolutionary Biology and Comparative Anatomy > Anatomical Terms and Anatomy of Amphioxus > Flashcards

Anatomical Terms and Anatomy of Amphioxus Flashcards

1
Q

label the planes and axes of the rabbit

A

grade yourself accordingly

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2
Q

Denotes the back

A

dorsal

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3
Q

term equal to dorsal in human anatomy

A

posterior

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4
Q

Belly or underside

A

ventral

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5
Q

equivalent of ventral in human anatomy

A

anterior

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6
Q

The head or toward the head

A

Anterior, Cranial, Cephalic

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7
Q

equivalent of anterior, cranial, and cephalic in human anatomy

A

superior

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8
Q

The tail or toward the tail

A

posterior, caudal

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9
Q

equivalent of posterior in human anatomy

A

inferior

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10
Q

Refers to the middle

A

median

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11
Q

Refers to the sides

A

lateral

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12
Q

Right side

A

dextral

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13
Q

Left side

A

sinistral

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14
Q

Above

A

superior

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15
Q

Below

A

inferior

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16
Q

Near the given point

A

proximal

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17
Q

Away from the given point

A

distal

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18
Q

Near the middle

A

central

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19
Q

Toward the edge or surface

A

peripheral

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20
Q

Near the surface

A

superficial

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21
Q

Some distance below the surface

A

deep

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22
Q

line in the sagittal plane extending from head to tail

A

longitudinal or anterioposterior

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23
Q

equivalent to anteroposterior

A

longitudinal

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24
Q

Line in the medial plane extending from dorsal to ventral surfaces

A

sagittal or dorsoventral

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25
Q

dorsoventral axes is also known as

A

sagittal

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26
Q

Any line in the transverse plane running from side to side

A

transverse or mediolateral

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27
Q

mediolateral axis is known as

A

transverse

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28
Q

Longitudinal plane through the axis of the animal which extends from dorsal to ventral

A

sagittal

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29
Q

One that divides the animal into equal halves

A

median sagittal

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30
Q

Any plane parallel to median sagittal

A

parasagittal

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31
Q

Parallel to dorsal and ventral and is at a right angle to a sagittal plane

A

Frontal or horizontal

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32
Q

what plane is also called coronal plane

A

frontal/horizontal

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33
Q

Cut across any level of the body at a right angle to sagittal and frontal planes

A

transverse or cross section

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34
Q

phylum of amphioxus

A

chordata

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35
Q

subphylum of amphioxus

A

cephalochordata

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36
Q

cephalochordates are also known as these

A

acrania

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37
Q

Known for poorly developed head with anterior end blunt and modified tail being pointed, with lateral sides compressed

A

acrania

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38
Q

scientific name of amphioxus

A

Branchiostoma lanceolata

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39
Q

common name of amphioxus

A

lancelet

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40
Q

informal name of branchiostoma lanceolata

A

amphioxus

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41
Q

class of amphioxus

A

leptocardii

42
Q

slender, compressed laterally, and the anterior end being blunt and the posterior end being pointed and fish-like

A

body of amphioxus

43
Q

has a poorly developed head

A

amphioxus

44
Q

tail is modified into a fin

A

amphioxus

45
Q

thrives along ocean shores in sandy beaches burying itself with its oral hood protruding

A

amphioxus

46
Q

Common characteristic of Phylum Chordata (4)

A
  • presence of notochord
  • presence of dorsal nerve cord
  • post anal tail
  • pharyngeal slits
47
Q

brain and spinal cord found dorsally

A

dorsal nerve cord

48
Q

used for locomotion

A

post anal tail

49
Q

most anterior blunt end, with the following associated structures

A

head

50
Q

most anterior end, terminal blunt end of the head

A

rostrum

51
Q

used for burrowing

A

rostrum

52
Q

where feeding structures are located, an expanded membrane of the ventral and greater part of the poorly developed head

A

oral hood

53
Q

Where the vestibule cavity is enclosed/located

A

oral hood

54
Q

Structure before the mouth

A

oral hood

55
Q

cavity enclosed by the oral hood

A

vestibule

56
Q

– contains receptor cells that is used to detect and prevent harmful material to enter the oral hood

A

buccal cirri

57
Q

Stiff and ciliated tentacles projecting from the edge of the oral hood

A

buccal cirri

58
Q

extends from the dorsal mid-line to the posterior, and ventral mid-line up to the atriopore respectively

A

dorsal and ventral fin

59
Q

both used for stabilization of motion while travelling in water

A

dorsal and ventral fin

60
Q

situated along the anterodorsal aspect of the animal

A

dorsal fin

61
Q

– seen beneath the posterior quarter of the animal

A

ventral fin

62
Q

pair of ventrolateral membranous folds on the flattened portion of the animal and continue forward from the anterior end of the ventral fins

A

lateral fin/metapleural fin

63
Q

encloses the gill slits that forms the body cavity

A

metapleural fin

64
Q

body cavity

A

atrium

65
Q

laterally forms the atriopore and the body walls

A

lateral fin/metapleural fin

66
Q

slightly expanded continuation of the dorsal and ventral fins that are slightly expanded surrounding the tail

A

caudal fin

67
Q

used for movement in water

A

caudal fin

68
Q

median ventral opening, posterior to the fusion of two metapleural fold

A

atriopore

69
Q

opening that serves as an exit for gametes, urine, and filtered water

A

atriopore

70
Q

usually found where gonads end and a folded shape

A

atriopore

71
Q

opening situated on the left side of the caudal fin at point where the fin widens

A

anus

72
Q

an opening that serves as an exit for waste material material

A

anus

73
Q

Found at the end of the intestines (black spots)

A

anus

74
Q

series of v-shaped masses of muscles arranged longitudinally separated by a connective tissue called myosepta

A

myotomes

75
Q

connective tissues that separates myotomes

A

myosepta

76
Q

mass of muscles that form a servies v-shaped and are longitudinally arranged

A

myotomes

77
Q

Responsible for the body’s motor function that allows swimming by contracting

A

myotomes

78
Q

rod extending along the entire length of the body from the rostrum to the tip of the caudal end

A

notochord

79
Q

allow for the attachment of muscles, act as the vertebrae and plays a role in the nervous system

A

notochord

80
Q

can be seen as multiple black vertical bars across the length of the organism

A

notochord

81
Q

much smaller tube just above the notochord with the presences of ocelli

A

neural tube

82
Q

row of black spots or simple eyes

A

ocelli

83
Q

also called dorsal hollow nerve cord

A

neural tube

84
Q

vertical membrane that surrounds the mouth which is provided with velar tentacles

A

velum

85
Q

also called mouth

A

velum

86
Q

serves as feeding structures that prevent unwanted material to enter (projections)

A

velar tentacles

87
Q

row of finger-like projections located at the inner surface of the posterior part of the oral hood

A

wheel organ

88
Q

most dorsal part of the wheel organ

A

hatschek pit

89
Q

Longest finger-like structure, among the other rows of wheel organs, that produces muscus to trap food

A

hatschek pit

90
Q

Most dorsal part of the wheel organ

A

hatschek pit

91
Q

ventral part of the pharynx where food gathers and where water is filtered to the atriopore

A

endostyle

92
Q

dorsal part of the pharynx where food enters to the esophagus

A

epipharyngeal groove

93
Q

connects the endostyle and epipharyngeal groove

A

peripharyngeal slit

94
Q

releases digestive enzymes

A

hepatic cecum

95
Q

what form the pharynx

A

pharyngeal bars or gill bars
pharyngeal slits or gill slits

96
Q

series of dark bands that lies after the velum

A

pharyngeal bars

97
Q

pharyngeal bars are also called

A

branchial bars

98
Q

alternating light bands considered as openings formed by the pharyngeal bars

A

pharyngeal clefts

99
Q

black ring that can be seen on the intestine

A

iliocolon ring

100
Q

Where food is digested by rotating while food is mixed with enzymes

A

iliocolon ring

101
Q

label the anatomical parts of the amphioxus

A

grade yourself accordingly

102
Q
A

Evolutionary Biology and Comparative Anatomy (21 decks)

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