External Anatomy and Exoskeletal Structure of Vertebrate Flashcards
1
Q
body of vertebrates generally divided into (3)
A
head
trunk
tail
2
Q
usual body of vertebrates
A
fusiform
3
Q
peculiar to land vertebrates
A
neck
4
Q
label the body of a shark
A
grade yourself accordingly
5
Q
body of Chondrichthyes are this shaped
A
fusiform
6
Q
Being pointed at both ends and laterally flattened
A
fusiform
7
Q
Provided with a minute scale, which can be felt as rough tiny spines if the hand is pressed over its skin
A
fusiform
7
Q
fine, light-colored whitish horizontal stripe, will be observed to extend along each side of the body
A
lateral line
8
Q
located underneath the lateral line that contains sensory cells
A
lateral canal
9
Q
zigzag muscle segments that can be detected through the skin
A
myotomes
10
Q
the most anterior part of the body, somewhat flattened and triangular in shape
A
head
11
Q
pointed anterior end of the head
A
rostrum
12
Q
ventral narrow and crescentic opening that is bounded by the upper and lower jaws both bearing diagonal rows of teeth
A
mouth
13
Q
a pair of openings on the ventral side of the rostrum, it is provided with a little flap of skin dividing it into two passages
A
nostrils
14
Q
pair of large oval structures on each side of the head, set in deep sockets without upper and lower eyelids
A
eyes
15
Q
two canals that connect the ears to the surface of the head by a pair of small pores on the mid-dorsal surface of the head just at the back level of the eyes
A
endolymphatic ducts
16
Q
Intended for balance
A
endolymphatic ducts
17
Q
cartilaginous fishes are also known as
A
Chondrichthyes
18
Q
fusiform or spindle-shaped being pointed at both ends and laterally flattened
A
trunk
19
Q
having no operculum, openings just behind the eyes
A
gill slits
20
Q
first circular opening
A
spiracle
21
Q
a row of five elongated gill openings
A
2nd to 6th gills
22
Q
Some have extra 1 gill slit for deep water sharks
A
2nd to 6th gills
23
Q
arise from the median line
A
unpaired median gills
24
arise from the mid-dorsal line
anterior and posterior dorsal fin
25
arise from the ventral side (sharks)
paired fins
26
anterior pair of fins found immediately behind the gill slits
pectoral fins
27
posterior pair of fins found at the junction of the trunk and tail
pelvic fins
28
in males, two stout processes are found on the medial side of the pelvic fins
claspers
29
fine flexible rays that supports the fins
dermal fin rays
30
dermal fin rays for cartilaginous fishes are also known as
ceratotrichia
31
large opening found between the bases of pelvic fins, which if spread apart, are projecting urogenital papilla would be seen
cloacal aperture/anus
32
modified into a fin, located at the posterior end of the body, and considered heterocercal because it consist of larger dorsal and a smaller ventral lobe
tail
33
type of tail of sharks, having unequal upper and lower lobes, usually with the vertebral column passing into the upper.
heterocercal tail
34
gives out electrical signal to locate prey
ampullae of lorenzini
35
structure to determine the sex of the shark (male
clasper
36
covered with scales, arranged in diagonal rows, and embedded into the dermis of the skin
osteichtyes body
37
most anterior part of the body, somewhat oblongated in shape
head (bony fish)
38
the terminally situated anterior opening of the head
mouth
39
two pairs of openings on the anterodorsal end of the head
nostrils
40
large structures found on each side of the head, without upper and lower eyelids
eyes
41
a large flap-like structure that forms the posterior and lateral margins of the head
gill cover or operculum
42
large, flat scale-like bones that support the operculum and cover the gill opening
opercular bones
43
wide slit in the body wall
gill opening
44
membrane attached to the ventral margin of the operculum and is supported by branchiostegal rays
branchiostegal membrane
45
supports the branchiostegal membrane, supported by seven bony rays
branchiostegal rays
46
four curved structures within the cavity covered by operculum
gill arches
47
situated on the outer margin, consist of soft filaments
gill filaments
48
situated on the inner margin, a series of tooth-like processes
gill rakers
49
transition from cartilaginous to bony fish
chimaera
50
arise from the mid-dorsal line
unpaired fins
51
unpaired fins in bony fishes
dorsal and posterior fin
anal fin
52
paired fins of bony fishes include
pectoral fin
pelvic fin
53
fin found just behind the operculum
pectoral fin
54
fin found nearly at the level of the pectoral fin from the level of the anus
pelvic fin
55
bony flexible jointed fin rays supporting the fins of the bony fishes
lepidotrichia
56
large opening on the mid-ventral line in front of the ventral fin
anal opening
57
small elevation that projects from a depression just behind the anal opening
urogenital papilla
58
modified into a fin, bilobed homocercal type
tail
59
label the turtle
grade yourself accordingly
60
its typical body is cornified and provided with scales and is divided into:
turtle
61
turtle is divided into
head
neck
trunk
short tail regions
62
anterior most part of the body somewhat triangular in shape
head
63
pair of closely placed openings situated at the tip of the head
external nares
64
large structure, situated at each side of the head. It is provided with upper and lower eyelids and a third eyelid, called the nictitating membrane
eyes (nictitating membrane)
65
Situated at the anterior corner of the eye
nictitating membrane
66
terminally situated anterior opening of the head, made up of hard, horny beak that lacks teeth
jaws
67
circular membrane found behind the angle of the jaws
eardrum
68
non visible ear
tympanic membrane
69
long and flexible structure that joints the head to the trunk region
neck
70
broad and flat, enclosed by a shell
trunk
71
the dorsal arched shell
carapace
72
ventral flat shell
plastron
73
both the carapace and plastron are connected by this situated ventrolaterally
lateral bridges
74
anterior part of the limbs consisting of the upper arm, forearm, and manus or hand
forelimbs
75
posterior part of the limbs consisting of thigh, shank, and pes or foot
hindlimbs
76
Both forelimbs and hindlimbs are what types
pentadactyl
77
Webbed digits terminate into claws
hindlimb turtle
78
most posterior, much-reduced part of the body, both in length and in diameter
tail
79
turtle vs tortoise
turtle - flipper like
tortoise - elephant leg
80
label the parts of a snake
grade yourself accordingly
81
the body is elongated and divided into three regions: head, trunk, and tail
snake
82
usually separated from the trunk by a neck-like constriction
head
83
the snake body is entirely covered with this
epidermal scales
84
most anterior part of the body, which is well developed, consisting of the following structures
head
85
located at each side of the head, provided with movable eyelids
eye
86
situated at the rostral end which is dilatable because of the bones of the jaws and palate are united by elastic ligaments
mouth
87
a pair of closely placed openings situated at the tip of the head
nostrils
88
posterior to the head, there is no clear distinction between the thorax and abdomen
trunk
89
part posterior to the event or anus
tail
90
absent in snakes, but in some species, the hindlimbs are represented by mere spurs beside the vent
limbs
91
They kill their prey by constricting it, usingtheir strong muscles and coiled bodies to suffocate their prey before eating.
constrictor
92
are capable of producing venom, which they use for killing prey
venomous
93
label the parts of a chicken
grade yourself accordingly
94
its body is divided into four regions: head, neck, trunk, and stump tail, almost entirely covered in feathers
chicken
95
most anterior part of the body, which is well-developed bearing the following structures:
head
96
situated at each side of the head, generally are and provided with upper and lower eyelids
eyes
97
third eyelid that can be drawn across the eye from the anterior corner
nictitating membrane
98
observed only in a plucked bird and is situated posterior and below the eyes
ears
99
structure of the head and is made up of upper and lower jaws that are encased in horny sheaths
beak
100
slit-like openings situated under the anterior margins of the cere
external nares
101
no teeth of their beak
bird
102
cushion-like protuberance on the base of the upper beak, occurs only in some families of birds
cere
103
long, flexible part, situated immediately posterior to the head
neck
104
shorter, firmer, and non-flexible part of the body due to the fusion of bones of the back, has two pairs of limbs:
trunk
105
anterior part of limbs modified into wings or organs of flight
forelimbs
106
Consist of a short upper arm that is directed posteriorly, a longer forearm that is directed forward and the fused hand and wrist which are elongated and directed caudad
forelimbs
107
big flight feathers of the wings
remiges
108
feather of the hand
primaries
109
feathers of the forearm
secondaries
110
feathers of the upperarm
tertiaries or humeral
111
posterior pair of limbs that are partially covered with feathers and partly with horny scales like those in reptiles
hindlimb
112
Only four digits that terminate into claws, the fifth being absent
hindlimb
113
Entire limb is directed ventrally so as to raise the animal above the ground
bird hindlimb
114
represented as stump, the uropygium, with a half-circle of large flight feathers (retrices(
tail
115
transverse slit or opening with protruding lips situated under the base of the tail
anus/cloacal aperture
116
gland of which the opening is represented by a prominent papilla, situated dorsally but anterior to the base of the tail stump of a plucked chicken
uropygial gland
117
sebaceous gland that releases oil for the tail feather
uropygial gland
118
hairs of the cat
fur
119
large, most anterior part of the body bearing the following structures
head
120
largest part of the head, housing the brain
cranial region
121
situating at the anterolateral part of
the cranium, consisting of:
external nares
122
two parts of external nares
pinna
external auditory meatus
123
long and flexible external fold of the ear
pinna
124
passageway that descends deeply into the skull
external auditory meatus
125
anterior part of the head containing the following structures:
facial region
126
situated at each side of the face, provided with upper and lower eyelids and a third eyelid (nictitating memberane)
eyes
127
can be grasped and drawn over the eyeball
third eyelid
128
especially long and stout hairs surrounding the nose and mouth
whiskers/vibrassae
129
well developed and fleshy, notice the cleft at the cent of the upper lip
lips
130
the region of the body that is immediately posterior to the head
neck
131
region immediately posterior to the neck and is divided into:
trunk
132
the anterior part of the trunk that is supported by the ribs
chest or thorax
133
posterior part of the trunk, containing the following
abdomen
134
four or five pairs in number on the ventral part of the trunk
teats/nipple
135
anterior pair of the limbs that consists of the upper arm, forearm, and manus or hand
forelimb
136
posterior pair of limbs that consist of the thigh, shank, and pes or foot
hindlimb
137
the cat’s hindlimb digits terminate into this, five in the front and four behind since the first hind tow is absent
claws
138
Claws of cat and rest of its family is ___
retractile
139
walking on its toes and not touching the ground with its heels, as a dog, cat, or rodent.
digitigrade
140
walking on the soles of the feet, like a human or a bear.
plantigrade
141
walk only on distal-most tips of their digits
unguligrade
142
