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TERM 2 > Anatomy #1 > Flashcards

Anatomy #1 Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

Out the 33 Vertebrae how many are movable?

A

24

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2
Q

From top to bottom list the divisions of vertebra and how many vertebra contained in each division

A 
Cervical Spine: 7 Vertebrae
Thoracic Spine: 12 Vertebrae
Lumbar Spine: 5 Vertebrae
Sacrum: 5 fused Vertebrae (Don't Move)
Coccyx: 4 fused vertebrae (Don't Move)
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3
Q

What Lie between the vertebrae and what is it called?

A

fibrocartilagenous discs called intervertebral discs

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4
Q

What is the key function of the intervertebral discs?

A

Weight bearing

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5
Q

Between which two vertebrae of the spine is there no intervertebral disc?

A

C1-C2

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6
Q

Fibrous outer layer of the intervertebral disc is know as?

A

Annulus Fibrosis

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7
Q

The inner substance of an intervertebral disc is know as?

A

Nucleus pulposus

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8
Q

Which divisions of the spine have Lordotic curvature?

A

Cervical/ Lumbar

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9
Q

Lordotic in greek means?

A

Curving forward

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10
Q

Which divisions of the spine have Kyphotic curvature?

A

Thoracic/ Sacral

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11
Q

What divisions of the spines curvature are considered primary and why are they considered primary?

A

Thoracic and Sacral

Because they develop in feudal stage

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12
Q

What divisions of the spine curvature are considered secondary and when do these curvatures develop?

A

Cervical and Lumbar

Begins developing when lifting head

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13
Q

Where is the body of the vertebra located?

A

anterior part of the vertebra.

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14
Q

Do vertebral bodies get larger or smaller as you progress inferiorly?

A

Larger

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15
Q

What encloses the vertebral foramen?

A

Vertebral Arch

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16
Q

What makes up the Vertebral Arch?

A

Arch is formed anteriorly by 2 pedicles which project posteriorly from both sides of the superior part of the vertebral body. As the pedicles project posteriorly they meet two laminae. The laminae meet posteriorly to form a spinous process.

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17
Q

What are other process that arise from the vertebral arch?

A

Four Articular Processes. There are superior and Inferior articular processes on the right and on the left

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18
Q

What is located on the four articular process of a vertebra?

A

Articular facets

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19
Q

What do the inferior facets of a vertebra articulate with?

A

The Inferior Facets of one vertebra articulate with the superior facets of another vertebra.

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20
Q

What is the aka for the joint that articulates the inferior facets of one vertebra to the superiors facets of another vertebra?

A

zygapophysial joints

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21
Q

What is the area between the superior and inferior articular processes?

A

Pars interarticularis

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22
Q

What is the most common fracture sight of the spine?

A

Pars interarticularis

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23
Q

What are the processes called that project laterally from the vertebral arch?

A

Transverse process

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24
Q

Which Foramen allows for the passage of the spinal nerves?

A

Intervertebral Foramen

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25
What forms the intervertebral foramen?
There are notches on the pedicles (superior and inferior vertebral notches) - the vertebral notches of 2 adjacent vertebrae form an almost complete ring called the intervertebral foramen.
26
How is the cervical spine divided up into lower and upper? and which division is considered atypical of a normal vertebrae?
Upper cervical: C1, C2 (Atypical) | Lower Cervical: C3-C7
27
What is C1 vertebra designed for?
It is designed to support the occipital region of the skull
28
``` On page 19 of neter locate: - Anterior Arch - Articular facets for dens -2 Lateral Masses - Superior Articular surface - Transverse Foramens -Groove for vertebral artery -Posterior Arch -Vertebral foramen -tubercle for transverse ligament of atlas Inferior Articular surface ```
See Neter
29
What are TVPs?
Projections from the lateral masses of cervical 1
30
What does the transverse foramen allow the passage of?
Vertebral Artery
31
What does the transverse ligament of atlas of cervical 1 connect? What does is divide? What is located in each division made by the transverse ligament of atlas?
It connects the 2 lateral masses and divides the vertebral foramen into a posterior portion for passage of the spinal cord and an anterior portion which accommodates the dens of the axis
32
What does C1 not have that regular vertebra would have?
No Vertebral Body | No Spinous process
33
Bony Landmarks to know on the Cervical 2: - dens - Anterior articular facet - TVP - Inferior articular facet for C3 - Superior articular facet for atlas - Posterior Articular facet - spinous process
See page 19
34
What Cervical vertebrae are bifid and what does bifid mean?
C2-C6 | - Splits off (helps to increase range of extension)
35
What vertebrae fall under the division of lower cervical spine?
C3-C7
36
Locate the following bony landmarks of a vertebrae in the lower cervical spine: - lamina - vertebral foramen - pedicles - Transverse process - body - Transverse foramen - Inferior/ superior processes and facets - uncinate process
Page 20-21
37
In the lower cervical spine which vertebrae has a groove for the spinal nerve?
C4
38
On the vertebrae C6 what is the anterior tubercle called?
Carotid tubercle
39
What artery passes through the carotid tubercle of the C6 cervical spine?
Carotid artery
40
Explain what the unconvertebral joints are? and what is its aka?
Uncinate process is an upward bony projection on the posterolateral rims of the vertebral body, these bony projections articulate with the next higher vertebra, these are what are known as unconvertebral joints. AKA Joints of Lushka
41
In the lower cervical spine what makes up the transverse process?
the anterior and posterior tubercles are connected by a small strut of bone to form the TVP
42
Which vertebra in the cervical spine has an area for articulation with uncinate process?
C4
43
What is the landmark for L4 of the Lumbar spine?
a horizontal line drawn between the tops of the iliac crests
44
What is the largest vertebra of the back?
L5
45
How many fused vertebrae does the sacrum and coccyx have?
5 fused vertebra
46
What is the articulation between L5 and the sacrum? and what sits in between?
- Lumbosacral articular surface | - disc
47
Locate the following on the sacrum and coccyx: - superior articular processes - ala or wings of the sacrum - promontory - anterior sacral foramina - apex - sacral canal - sacral hiatus - posterior sacral foramina - sacral cornu - median sacral crest - lateral sacral crest - auricular surface
Page 157
48
What is the shape of the pelvic and dorsal surface of the sacrum?
Pelvic: concave Dorsal: convex
49
What is located at the bottom of the sacral canal?
Sacral hiatus
50
What is the sacral canal an extension of?
the vertebral canal
51
The prominent point on anterior base of the sacrum is known as?
promontory
52
What runs through the anterior sacral foramina?
The ventral division of the sacral nerves
53
What runs through the posterior sacral foramina?
Dorsal division of sacral nerves
54
What is located just outside of the sacral hiatus in which barrier for nerves to pass?
sacral cornu
55
What are the attachment points of the iliolumbar ligament?
Transverse process of L4 and L5 to posterior iliac crest.
56
What ligament is the key stabilizer of L5?
Iliolumbar ligament
57
What movement does the iliolumbar ligament limit?
Lateral flexion of the spine
58
What ligaments are accessory ligaments to the sacroiliac joint?
Sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligament
59
What does the lumbosacral joint articulate with?
L5 of the lumbar spine articulates S1 of the sacral spine
60
What does the sacrococcygeal joint articulate with?
Apex of the sacrum articulates with the base of the coccyx
61
What does the sacroiliac joint articulate with?
Auricular surface of the sacrum articulates with auricular surface of the ilium
62
What does the anterior/posterior sacroiliac ligaments attach?
ilium to sacrum
63
Where does the interosseous sacroiliac ligaments lie?
just anterior or deep to the posterior sacroiliac ligaments

TERM 2 (12 decks)

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