Anatomy 1 Exam 2

Question 1

structural and functional unit of nervous tissue

Answer 1

Neuron

Question 2

Arteries do have a lumen and appear cream in colorNerves appear shiny and contain no lumen (opening)

Answer 2

Function of nervous system is to transmit nerve impulses throughout the bodyNerves made up of individual fibers

Question 3

Peripheral Nervous System1. Spinal nerves2. Cranial nerves

Answer 3

Central Nervous System1. Brain (encephalon)2. Spinal cord

Question 4

Cranial Nerve I

Answer 4

Olfactory nerve-control sense of smell-most anterior

Question 5

Cranial Nerve II

Answer 5

Optic nerve-control sense of sight

Question 6

Cranial Nerve III

Answer 6

Oculomotor

Question 7

Cranial Nerve IV

Answer 7

Trochlear

Question 8

Cranial Nerve V

Answer 8

Trigemina-splits in 3 parts

Question 9

Cranial Nerve VI

Answer 9

Abducens

Question 10

Cranial Nerve VII

Answer 10

Facial

Question 11

Cranial Nerve VIII

Answer 11

Acoustic (auditory)

Question 12

Cranial Nerve IX

Answer 12

Glossopharyngeal

Question 13

Cranial Nerve X

Answer 13

Vagus

Question 14

Cranial Nerve XI

Answer 14

Spinal accessory

Question 15

Cranial Nerve XII

Answer 15

Hypoglossal-most posterior

Question 16

Largest portion of brain2 distinct halves called hemispheresCenter for higher emotional acts ie: thinking, reasoning, memory

Answer 16

Cerebrum

Question 17

Located posterior base of cranial cavityControls equilibrium (balance) and coordinates various muscle actions

Answer 17

Cerebellum

Question 18

Consists of several different parts known ie: midbrain, diencephalon, pons, & medulla oblongata

Answer 18

Brain Stem

Question 19

Serves as a line of communication between the spinal cord and the brainClassified as part of the brain itself

Answer 19

Brain Stem

Question 20

4 fluid-filled spaces or cavities within the brain

Answer 20

VentriclesFlow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) begins in “most superior ventricles” and fills remaining ventricles like a waterfall.The flow of CSF is occluded (blocked), result in hydrocephalus

Question 21

3 layered membrane which surrounds both the brain and spinal cord.

Answer 21

Meninges

Question 22

Layers making up meninges(Outermost to Innermost)

Answer 22

1. Dura mater2. Arachnoid3. Pia mater

Question 23

Outermost layer of meninges, also the thickest and toughest

Answer 23

Dura Mater

Question 24

Middle layer of meninges, which is weblike in appearance

Answer 24

Arachnoid

Question 25

Innermost layer of meniges, only layer of the meninges to follow every peak and valley of the brain tissue itself. To a large extent, the blood supply to the brain is carried by it.

Answer 25

Pia Mater

Question 26

Originates in and fills the ventricles of the brain.Flows around the brain and spinal cord in the space between the arachnoid and pia mater layers of the meninges.AKA: Subarachnoid space

Answer 26

Cerebrospinal fluid spaces (CSF)

Question 27

Begins at the upper border of the first cervical vertebrae (atlas)

Answer 27

Spinal cord Origin

Question 28

Terminates at the inferior border of the fifth lumbar vertebrae

Answer 28

Spinal cord Termination

Question 29

Protection of spinal cordPrimarily consists of 24 or 26 individual vertebrae of adult spine

Answer 29

Spinal cord StructureEach vertebrae has a central foramen (opening) through which the spinal cord will pass

Question 30

Surrounds the brain and covers the spinal cord

Answer 30

Meninges

Question 31

Inferior group of spinal nerves, which are longer than the others.Outside of vertebrae, they hang down and resemble a horse's tail

Answer 31

Cauda equina(part of 31 pair spinal nerves)

Question 32

Study of glands

Answer 32

Adenology

Question 33

any organ which produces a useful substance

Answer 33

Gland

Question 34

Useful substance produced by any gland

Answer 34

Secretion

Question 35

1. Exocrine2. Endocrine3. Heterocrine

Answer 35

Types of glands

Question 36

Have a definite ductAn organ that releases its useful substance through definite ducts or passageways

Answer 36

ExocrineIE: Salivary glands - moist food during chewing, enzymesBilary tract - passageway for bile, breakdown fatsStomach Intestine

Question 37

ductlessrelease useful substance directly in blood stream

Answer 37

EndocrineIE:PituitaryThyroidParathyroids-calciumAdrenal-epinephrineTestes-testosteroneOvaries-estrogen/progesteronePancreatic isles-insulin/glucagon

Question 38

Any gland that has both exocrine & endocrine in the same gland (2 separate secretions)One is shipped through the duct the other directly into the blood stream.

Answer 38

Heterorcrine1. Prancreas - insulin/endocrine & pancreatic/exocrine2. Prostate3. gonads

Question 39

located at the base of the brain. The common name is “The Master Gland”; it tells other glands what to produce.

Answer 39

Pituitary (Hypothesis)Most famous for producing growth hormone (dwarfism or giantism)

Question 40

largest endocrine gland. It is the largest endocrine glands and located at the base of the neck needs iodine to function properly, body metabolism

Answer 40

Thyroid

Question 41

4 very smalls glands located behind thyroid. They regulate calcium

Answer 41

Parathyroid glands

Question 42

Located above the kidneys; each has an outer portion(cortex) and inner portion medulla; cortex responsible for 3 S’s. (Sex, Sugar, Salt); produces adrenaline (epinephrine, so called “fight or flight” hormone. Purpose to prepare body for emergency situation.

Answer 42

Suprarenal (adrenal) glands

Question 43

Produces insulin which regulates blood sugar (glucose) metabolism

Answer 43

Pancreatic Islets (Isles of Langerhans)

Question 44

sex glands

Answer 44

Gonads

Question 45

produce testosterone (male hormone) responsible for development of secondarily sex characteristics in men.ie: deepening of voice, facial hair, sexually mature at age 19

Answer 45

Testes

Question 46

produce 2 hormones (estrogen/progesterone) into blood stream responsible for development of secondarily sex characteristics in women.ie: pubic hair, breast enlargement, sexually mature at 30.

Answer 46

Ovaries

Question 47

Produce by ovaries to prepare woman's body for pregnancy

Answer 47

Progesterone

Question 48

Active chemical substances presence in secretions of the endocrine glands

Answer 48

Hormones