Anatomy

Question 1

systemic circulation is under ______ pressure

Answer 1

high

Question 2

what type of placenta does a pregnant mare have?

Answer 2

diffuse placenta

Question 3

the pressure in the systemic arteries during ventricular contraction is ______

Answer 3

systolic

Question 4

which hormone contracts the reproductive tract in order to help move sperm into the oviducts?

Answer 4

oxytocin

Question 5

what type of muscle is cardiac muscle?

Answer 5

striated muscle

Question 6

what is the order of cardiac depolarization electrical impulses?

Answer 6

SA node, AV node, bundle of His/AV bundle, Purkinje fibers

Question 7

which hormone controls cell pigment?

Answer 7

MSH
melanocyte stimulating hormone

Question 8

which heart wave is associated with atrial wall depolarization?

Answer 8

P wave

Question 9

where in the heart is the SA node located?

Answer 9

in the wall of the right atrium

Question 10

which type of estrus cycle do dogs have?

Answer 10

diestrus

Question 11

what type of nerves are sensory nerves?

Answer 11

afferent nerves
carry sensory info to the central nervous system

Question 12

what type of nerves are motor nerves?

Answer 12

efferent nerves
carry motor info away from central nervous system to the body

Question 13

when a stimulus is strong enough to cause complete depolarization it has reached ______

Answer 13

threshold

Question 14

what becomes blocked in the neuron when local anesthetics are administered?

Answer 14

sodium channels

Question 15

how many nuclei do smooth and cardiac muscle cells have?

Answer 15

a single nuclei

Question 16

when does the corpus luteum develop?

Answer 16

during the metestrus stage

Question 17

what is another name for the metestrus stage?

Answer 17

luteal phase

Question 18

when does the metestrus stage occur?

Answer 18

after ovulation

Question 19

what hormone does the corpus luteum secrete?

Answer 19

progesterone

Question 20

what hormone is produced by a developing ovarian follicle?

Answer 20

estrogen

Question 21

where does the blastocyst attach?

Answer 21

endometrium

Question 22

what is the order that hormones are released from estrus cycle to parturition?

Answer 22

estrogen, progesterone, oxytocin

Question 23

what are the types of chorion attachments?

Answer 23

cotyledonary, zonary, polycyton

Question 24

how many mammary glands does a bitch have?

Answer 24

8-12

Question 25

what initiates the heartbeat?

Answer 25

SA node

Question 26

which heart wave is associated with ventricular repolarization?

Answer 26

T wave

Question 27

on inspiration how does the pressure of the thoracic cavity compare to the ambient air pressure?

Answer 27

thoracic pressure is negative compared to ambient air pressure

Question 28

what is the primary stimulus for respiration?

Answer 28

increased CO2

Question 29

what pH imbalance is caused by apnea?

Answer 29

respiratory acidosis

Question 30

what is used in gluconeogenesis?

Answer 30

amino acids

Question 31

what can be synthesized from glucose in dogs and cats?

Answer 31

vitamin C

Question 32

cataracts results from __________

Answer 32

a problem with transparency of the lens

Question 33

where is the choroid located?

Answer 33

between the sclera and the retina

Question 34

what are the 3 categories of lipids?

Answer 34

neutral fats, steroids, phospholipids

Question 35

what are the functions of insulin?

Answer 35

increased glucose transport, lipogenesis, fatty acid synthesis

Question 36

which cranial nerve is the vagus nerve?

Answer 36

cranial nerve X

Question 37

glaucoma results in ________________

Answer 37

increased pressure in the anterior chamber of the eye

Question 38

where is aqueous humor formed?

Answer 38

in the posterior chamber of the eye

Question 39

which hormone triggers and maintains lactation?

Answer 39

prolactin

Question 40

which type of placentation do rodents have?

Answer 40

discoid placentation

Question 41

where is neurohypophysis located?

Answer 41

it is an anatomic section of the hypothalamus

Question 42

what percentage of an animal's body weight is blood?

Answer 42

8%

Question 43

which type of dissection can be made without cutting through a bone-to-bone joint?

Answer 43

a forelimb from the body dissection

Question 44

where is the occipital bone located?

Answer 44

at the base of the skull

Question 45

what is the process called where glucose is absorbed from the GI tract and stored in the liver?

Answer 45

glycogenesis

Question 46

where does the process of voice production begin?

Answer 46

in the larynx

Question 47

bile acid-lipid units that carry fat within the gut are called ______

Answer 47

miscelles

Question 48

which type of RNA copies info in the DNA?

Answer 48

transfer RNA

Question 49

what aids in the digestion of fat?

Answer 49

bile acids

Question 50

which heart wave corresponds to atrial contraction?

Answer 50

P wave

Question 51

where are the islets of Langerhans found?

Answer 51

in the pancreas

Question 52

the systemic circulatory system is under the ______ pressure

Answer 52

highest

Question 53

fat in the lymph is associated with ________

Answer 53

chylomicrons

Question 54

which ligament supports the ovaries?

Answer 54

mesovarium ligament

Question 55

what condition would be expected to cause a CRT of less than 1 second?

Answer 55

an animal that has lost RBCs due to a moderate hookworm infection

Question 56

what is the order of the layers that make up an artery from innermost to outermost?

Answer 56

tunica intima, tuncia media, tunica adventitia

Question 57

which layer of bone is necessary for the attachment of ligaments and tendons?

Answer 57

the periosteum layer

Question 58

what is the fibrous covering around the part of the bone not covered by articular cartilage called?

Answer 58

periosteum

Question 59

what is the average number of air sacs in a bird?

Answer 59

9

Question 60

what is another name for the gizzard?

Answer 60

ventriculus

Question 61

what does the uvea consist of?

Answer 61

iris, ciliary body, and choroid

Question 62

which humor is the the front surface of the lens in contact with?

Answer 62

aqueous humor

Question 63

what is the muscular structure that separates the left and right ventricles called?

Answer 63

interventricular septum

Question 64

where do coronary veins empty blood via the coronary sinus?

Answer 64

right atrium

Question 65

pulmonary circulation is under _____ pressure

Answer 65

low

Question 66

where is the common site of feed impactions in horses?

Answer 66

pelvic flexure

Question 67

what is the distal part of the stomach called?

Answer 67

pylorus

Question 68

which cells are found in the fundus and body of the stomach?

Answer 68

parietal cells, chief cells, mucous cells

Question 69

which of the following systems contain ducts? a. endocrine b. exocrine c. lympathic

Answer 69

exocrine and lympathic systems

Question 70

which part of the endocrine system secretes melatonin?

Answer 70

pineal gland

Question 71

what are the functions of the lympathic system?

Answer 71

waste transport, protein transport, fluid transport

Question 72

what is the lymphatic structure found in the small intestines that is responsible for transport of fats and fat-soluble vitamins called?

Answer 72

lacteals

Question 73

which of the following is a lympathic structure? a. bile duct b. islets of Langerhans c. thyroid d. tonsil

Answer 73

tonsil

Question 74

what structures are found in the brainstem?

Answer 74

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

Question 75

what is the hilus?

Answer 75

the point where blood vessels, nerves, and ureters enter and leave the kidneys

Question 76

what is a horse's daily urine production?

Answer 76

20 mL/kg/day

Question 77

what type of placentation do ruminants have?

Answer 77

cotyledonary placentation

Question 78

where is oxytocin produced?

Answer 78

posterior pituitary gland

Question 79

where are lutenizing hormone, growth hormone, and FSH produced?

Answer 79

anterior pituitary gland

Question 80

where are sperm cells produced?

Answer 80

seminiferous tubule

Question 81

which gland do canines lack?

Answer 81

bulbourethral gland aka Cowper's gland

Question 82

what is the time period from the beginning of 1 heat cycle to the beginning of the next called?

Answer 82

estrous

Question 83

what does the cremaster muscle do?

Answer 83

pulls the testicles closer to the body

Question 84

what is follicular atresia?

Answer 84

not all follicles are activated/fully develop in a particular ovarian cycle

Question 85

what hormone do follicles release?

Answer 85

estrogen

Question 86

what is the average gestation of a ferret?

Answer 86

42 days

Question 87

what does pseudopregnancy result from?

Answer 87

an exaggerated diestrus stage

Question 88

the thorax is normally under ____ pressure

Answer 88

negative

Question 89

which 2 minerals make up bones?

Answer 89

calcium and phosphorus