Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RESP > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the trachea start and end?

A
  • Starts: C6, cricoid carilage
  • End: T4, sternal angle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the structure of the trachea?

A
  • Fibrocartilaginous tube
  • anterior + lateral walls have 15-20 C-shaped cartilage rings
  • these rings keep trachea open
  • rings are connected by anular ligaments

trachealis muscle located posterier so oesophagus can move

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What structures are anterior to the trachea?

A
  • Left brachiocephalic vein
  • Arch of aorta
  • Brachiocephalic trunk
  • Left common carotid artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What structures are posterior to the trachea?

A
  • Esophagus
  • Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What structures are to the right of the trachea?

A
  • Arch of azygos vein
  • Right vagus nerve
  • right lung
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What structures are seen on the left side of the trachea?

A
  • Arch of aorta
  • Left common carotid artery
  • Left subclavian artery
  • left lung
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the carina?

A
  • Cartilaginous ridge
  • Where trachea splits into two primary bronchi
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the features of the right main bronchus?

A
  • Wider, shorter, more vertical
  • 3 lobar branches
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the features of the left main bronchus?

A
  • Narrower, longer, more horizontal
  • 2 lobar branches
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which bronchus do foreign bodies tend to enter?

A
  • Right main bronchus; wider
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the clinical relevance of the carina?

A
  • Landmark in bronchoscopy

may be wider in cases of carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Give all the parts of the tracheobronchial tree:

A
  1. Trachea
  2. Primary (main) bronchi
  3. Secondary (lobar) bronchi
  4. Tertiary (segmental) bronchi
  5. Terminal bronchioles
  6. Respiratory bronchioles
  7. Alveolar ducts
  8. Alveolar saccule + alveoli
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the bronchopulmonary segments?

see slides for segment names*

A
  • part of lungs supplied by segmental bronchi, pulmonary artery and bronchial arteries
  • drained by pulmonary veins
  • apex of segments point to hilum
  • 10 segments
  • Right: 3,2,5
  • Left; 5,5
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the two components of the respiratory tract?

A
  1. Conducting portion; trachea ⇒ terminal bronchiole
  2. Respiratory portion; respiratory bronchiole ⇒ alveoli
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the subdivisions of the parietal pleura?

A
  • Costal pleura
  • Diaphragmatic pleura
  • Mediastinal pleura (lateral)
  • Cervical pleura
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is pleural recess?

A
  • slit like pleural spaces which are occupied by lungs during inspiration
  • costodiaphragmatic
  • costomediastinal
17
Q

What are each parts of the parietal pleura innervated by?

A
  • Costal - intercostal nerves
  • Mediastinal - phrenic nerve
  • Diaphragmatic - intercostal + phrenic nerves

Visceral only sensitive to stretch only, supplied by pulmonary plexus

18
Q

What leads to pneumothorax?

clinical

A
  • injury to cervical pleura + apex of lung
  • open pneumothorax
  • tension (closed) pneumothorax
19
Q

What techniques are used to drain fluid/air from the pleura?

A
  • Thoracocentesis
  • Chest tube insertion
20
Q

Where is a chest drain preformed?

A
  • Lateral side of pectoralis major
  • Anterior to latissimus dorsi
  • Nipple or 5th intercostal space

Avoid:
- hitting intercostal VAN

21
Q

What is the structure of a lung?

A
  • top: apex
  • bottom: base
  • costal surface
  • mediastinal surface; contains hilum
  • ## anterior, posterior, inferior borders
22
Q

Where is the cardiac notch located?

A
  • Anterior border of left lung
23
Q

How many fissures does the right lung have?

A
  • two: horizontal + oblique

seperates lobes

24
Q

How many fissures does the left lung have?

A
  • one: oblique
25
Q

Where do the oblique fissures start and end?

A
  • From T4 to CC6
26
Q

Where do horizontal fissures start and end?

A
  • From midaxillary line of oblique fissure to CC4
27
Q

What is seen on the mediastinal surface of the LEFT lung?

A

Grooves:
- descending aorta
- arch of aorta
- oesophagus
- left brachiocephalic vein
- left subclavian artery

Hilum:
- pulmonary artery
- bronchus
- pulmonary veins

28
Q

What is seen on the mediastinal surface of the RIGHT lung?

A

Grooves:
- arch of azygos vein
- trachea
- right subclavian artery
- SVC + IVC
- right brachiocephalic vein

Hilum:
- eparterial bronchus
- pulmonary artery
- hyparterial bronchus
- pulmonary veins

29
Q

What is the difference between bronchi and bronchioles?

A
  • Bronchi have cartilage in walls, bronchioles do not
30
Q

What is the clinical importance of bronchopulmonary segments?

A
  • if a tumour/abscess forms, it csn be surgically removed without disrupting surrounding lung tissue
31
Q

Where do the bronchial arteries arise from?

A
  • Left: thoracic aorta
  • Right: third posterior intercostal artery
32
Q

What is the vascular supply to the lungs?

A
  • Bronchial arteries + veins
  • Pulmonary arteries + veins
33
Q

Where do the bronchial veins drain into?

A

Right: azygos vein
Left: accessory hemiazygos/ left superior intercostal vein

34
Q

What is the pulmonary plexus?

A
  • Efferent and afferent autonomic nerve fibres
  • Sympathetic; T2, 3, 4
  • Parasympathetic: Vagus nerve
35
Q

What are the lymphatics of lungs?

A
  • Superficial lymph plexus: bronchopulmonary
  • Deep lymph plexus: pulmonary
36
Q

What is the pulmonary ligament?

A
  • Double fold extending from the hilum to diaphragm

RESP (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions