Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RESP > URTI > Flashcards

URTI Flashcards

1
Q

What are upper respiratory tract infections?

A
  • Most common infectious illness
  • Mainly viruses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are some types of URTI?

A
  • Common cold
  • Sinusitis
  • Otitis media
  • Pharyngitis
  • Laryngitis
  • Diptheria
  • Epiglottis
  • Laryngotracheobronchitis (croup)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are some URTI defense mechansims?

A
  • Hair, cilia, mucus, normal flora
  • Saliva
  • IgA
  • Macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some risk factors for URTI?

A
  • Age
  • Sex
  • Season (winter > summer)
  • Travel
  • Smoking
  • Underlying illness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How are URTI spread?

A
  • Droplet
  • Fomite (objects)
  • Aspiration
  • Direct
  • Airborne
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What organism is usually in common cold?

A
  • Rhinovirus
  • Coronavirus
  • RSV
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What symptoms are associated with common cold?

A
  • Sore throat
  • Cough
  • Rhinits
  • vitals are normal, no swelling of pharynx, no fever
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is sinusitis?

A
  • Inflammation of paranasal sinuses
  • Can be viral, bacterial or fungal (mainly viral)
  • Often follows a cold; rhinovirus, influenza
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What bacteria is most common in sinusitis?

A
  • Strep pneumoniae
  • HiB
  • Moraxella catarhalis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What investigations do we do for sinusitis?

A
  • Sinus X-ray
  • CT sinuses
  • Sinus aspirate for culture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What treatment is given for bacterial sinusitis?

A
  • Amoxicillin or Clarithromycin if purulent discharge
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some complications of sinusitis?

A
  • Meningitis
  • Brain abscess
  • Orbital cellulitis
  • Bronchitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is acute otitis media?

A
  • Fluid in middle ear
  • usually complication of viral URTI
  • If bacterial: S. pneumoniae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What treatment is given for otitis media?

same as sinusitis

A
  • Amoxicillin, clarithromycin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are some complications of AOM?

A
  • Chronic OM
  • Mastoiditis
  • Attic infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are common sore throat conditions?

A
  • Pharyngitis
  • Tonsilitis
  • Infectious mononucleosis (mono)
17
Q

What are serious sore throat conditions?

A
  • Epiglottitis
  • Tonsillar abscess
  • Diptheria
  • Gonococcal infection
18
Q

What organisms are responsible for Pharyngitis/tonsilitis?

A

Common: VIRUSES (60%)
- Adenovirus
- EBV

Other:
- Strep pyogenes
- Strep Groups C and G
- C. diptheriae

19
Q

What organisms are responsible for laryngitis?

A
  • VIRAL
20
Q

What organisms are responsible for epiglottitis?

A
  • H. influenza type B
  • C. diptheriae (rare)
21
Q

How is tonsillitis managed?

A
  • Penicillin 10 days for GAS
  • Most patients do not benefit from antibiotics
22
Q

How is diptheria treated?

A
  • Diptheria anti-toxin
  • Penicillin G/erythromycin
23
Q

How is laryngitis treated?

A
  • Voice rest
  • Antibiotics not indicated
  • Diptheria could be problem
24
Q

What is acute epiglottitis?

A
  • Medical emergency
  • Can cause complete airway obstruction
  • Hamophilus influenza B, GAS, S. pneumoniae
25
Q

What are clinical features of acute epiglottitis?

A
  • Dyspnoea
  • Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)
  • Drooling
  • Stridor
  • Vital signs abnormal; fever
26
Q

What are causes of “chesty” coughs

A
  • Acute bronchitis
  • Acute bronchiolitis
  • Pertussis
  • Croup
  • Infective exacerbation of COPD
  • Pneumonia
27
Q

What is acute laryngotracheobronchitis?

A
  • Croup
  • Parainfluenza, influenza, RSV
  • Treatment: O2 and corticosteroids
28
Q

What organisms cause acute bronchitis?

A
  • Usually viral: rhino, corona, influenza, adeno, RSV
  • Bacterial: bordetella, mycoplasma, chlamydia
29
Q

What treatment is given for acute bronchitis?

A
  • Amoxicillin, clarithromycin, tetracycline
30
Q

What causes Infective exacerbation of COPD?

A
  • Viral: Influenza, parainfluenza, rhinovirus
  • Bacterial: H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae, M. catarrhalis
31
Q

What treatment is given for Infective exacerbation of COPD?

A
  • Amoxicillin, clarithromycin, doxycycline
  • Corticosteroids
  • Bronchodilators
  • Influenza + pneumococcal vaccine
  • Smoking cessation

RESP (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions