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RESP > Symptoms and Signs in RESP > Flashcards

Symptoms and Signs in RESP Flashcards

1
Q

What are some common respiratory symptoms?

A
  • Cough
  • Dyspnoea
  • Dysphonia (hoarseness)
  • Wheeze
  • Stridor
  • Stertor
  • Sputum
  • Haemoptysis
  • Chest pain
  • Respiratory pattern
  • Weight loss
  • Rigor/Chills
  • Night sweats
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2
Q

What are the characteristics of cough?

A
  • Acute: < 3 weeks
  • Subacute: 3-8 weeks
  • Chronic cough: > 8 weeks
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3
Q

What could a chronic dry cough mean?

A

Interstitial lung disease - fibrosis

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4
Q

What could a moist cough mean?

A
  • bronchiectasis
  • lower respiratory tract infections
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5
Q

What could bovine cough with hoarsness mean?

bovine = feeble non-explosive

A
  • lung cancer
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6
Q

What could a barking cough mean?

A
  • Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)
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7
Q

What are red flad symptoms associated with cough?

A
  • Haemoptysis
  • SOB
  • Fever
  • Chest pain
  • Weight loss
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8
Q

What is dysphonia?

A
  • hoarseness
  • laryngitis
  • damage to left recurrent laryngeal nerve
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9
Q

What is a wheeze?

A
  • high-pitched whistling sound
  • monophonic: lung mass
  • polyphonic: COPD/asthma

caused by narrowing airways

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10
Q

What is stridor?

A
  • High pitched harsh inspiratory sound
  • caused by airway obstruction
  • epiglottis, malacia
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11
Q

What is stertor?

A
  • Muffled “hot potato” speech
  • Naso-oropharyngeal blockage
  • tonsil abscess

low pitched

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12
Q

What does purulent (thick yellow) sputum indicate?

A
  • Infections; pneumonia, abscess
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13
Q

What does serous (frothy) sputum indicate?

A

Acute pulmonary oedema

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14
Q

What does mucoid sputum indicate?

clear, white

A

COPD/asthma

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15
Q

What does bloody sputum indicate?

A
  • Lung cancer
  • rusty red pneumococcal infection
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16
Q

What are the three ypes of chest pain associated with respiratory diseases?

A
  • Pleural pain: sharp, stabbing - pulmonary embolism
  • Chest wall pain: sudden after vigorous coughing, painful on palpation - MSK injury
  • Mediastinal pain: central, retrosternal - dusts, invasive mediastinal lymph nodes
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17
Q

What are B symptoms?

A
  • Weight loss
  • Night sweats
  • Fever + rigors

usually happen together and are in more severe disease

18
Q

What are common respiratory signs on general inspection?

A
  • Accessory muscle use
  • Cachexia
  • Cyanosis
  • Altered mental status
  • Thoracotomy scar
19
Q

What respiratory signs are seen in hands?

A
  • Clubbing
  • Discolouration of nails and fingers
  • CO2 retention; asterixis, bounding pulse
20
Q

What respiratory sings are seen on closer inspection and palpation?

A
  • Displaced or central trachea
  • Chest shape
  • Chest expansion
  • Tactile fremitus
21
Q

What respiratory signs are seen on percussion?

A
  • Resonant/Hyper resonant
  • Dull/Stony dull
22
Q

What resp. signs are seen on auscultation?

A
  • Vesicular vs Bronchial breathing
  • Crackles
  • Wheeze
  • Pleural rub
23
Q

What does it mean when the trachea is pulled to the abnormal side?

A
  • Atelectasis, pneumothorax, unilaterel fibrosis, pneumonectomy
24
Q

What does it mean when the trachea is pushed away from abnormal side?

A
  • Large pleural effusion, Tension pneumothorax
25
Q

What are the three chest shapes seen in resp. disease?

A
  • Barrel chest
  • Pectus Carinatum (outward)
  • Pectus Excavatum (inward)
26
Q

What are the two types of chest expansion when its reduced?

A
  • Symmetrically reduced; obstructive, restrictive
  • Unilaterally reduced; pneumothorax, pleural effusion

unilateral will ony affect one side of chest

27
Q

What is tactile fremitus?

A
  • transmission of sound waves from trachea to chest wall
  • Increased: Consolidation
  • Decreased: Atelectasis

increased with more dense LUNG

28
Q

What is difference between consolidation and atelectasis?

A

Consolidation: some air in lungs replaced with fluid + ↑ lung size
Atelectasis: air in lungs removed + ↓ lung size, collapsed lung

29
Q

What is assessed on percussion?

resp. diseases

A
  • Resonant: normal
  • Hyper resonant: pneumothorax, COPD
  • Dull: pneumonia, atelectasis
  • Stony Dull: pleural effusion, lung cancer

increases with density

30
Q

What are vesicular breath sounds?

A
  • Soft, low-pitched
  • normal breath sounds
  • inspiratory 2x expiratory time
31
Q

What are bronchial breath sounds?

A
  • loud, harsh, clear
  • due to consolidation
  • inspiratory = expiratory time
32
Q

What is a wheeze?

A
  • Expiratory sound
  • COPD, asthma
33
Q

What are creps?

A
  • Inspiratory sound
  • fluid in alveoli

pneumonia, pulmonary oedema, fibrosis

34
Q

What is a Rub?

A
  • Rare
  • both inspiratory and expiratory
  • inflammation of pleura

pulmonary infarct, pneumonia, chest drain

35
Q

What are common symptoms and signs of pneumonia?

A
  • Purulent sputum
    Signs
  • reduced chest expansion
  • tactile fremitus increased
  • dull percussion
  • Auscultation: decreased vesicular breathing, COARSE CREPS
36
Q

What are common symptoms and signs of lung cancer?

A

Symptoms:
- Haemoptysis
- Hoarsness
- night sweats, weight loss
- bone pain, headache, jaundice

Signs:
- Horner’s syndrome
- reduced chest expansion
- stony dull percussion
- Pembertons sign: red face when hands are raised

37
Q

What are commone symptoms and signs of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?

A

Symptoms:
- progressive SOB

Signs:
- tachypnoea
- decreased chest expansion
- clubbing
- Fine inspiratory creps bilaterally

38
Q

What are common symptoms and signs of PE?

A

Symptoms:
- pleuritic chest pain

Signs
- tachypnoea, tachycardia

pleural rub and right HF rare

39
Q

What are common signs of pleural effusion?

A
  • trachea pushed opposite side
  • stony dull percussion
  • decreased tactile fremitus
40
Q

What are common symptoms and sings of pneumothorax?

A

Symptoms:
- Acute unilateral pleuritic chest pain
Signs:
- trachea pulled towards, but in tension pneumothorax pulled OPPOSITE
- Hyper resonant percussion
- decreased tactile fremitus

RESP (20 decks)

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