Anatomy

Question 1

What is the site of drainage of middle ethmoid cells?

Answer 1

Bulla ethmoidalis in the middle meatus

Question 2

What is the opening of pharynx to the nose called?

Answer 2

Choanae

Question 3

What vertebrae does the larynx accompany?

Answer 3

4th,5th & 6th

Question 4

What are the posterior horns of the thyroid cartilage called?

Answer 4

Superior and inferior Conru

Question 5

What is the color of the vestibular and vocal folds and why are they that color?

Answer 5

Vestibular is red ; vascular
Vocal is white ; avascular

Question 6

What is the opening between the vocal cords called ?

Answer 6

Rima glottidis

Question 7

What is the narrowest part of the larynx?

Answer 7

Rima glottidis for adults and cricoid cartilage for children

Question 8

What muscle narrows the laryngeal inlet?

Answer 8

Oblique arytenoid muscle

Question 9

What muscle widens the laryngeal inlet?

Answer 9

Thyroepiglottic muscle

Question 10

What is the function of the cricothyroid muscle?

Answer 10

Tenses vocal cords

Question 11

What is the function of the thyroarytenoid muscle?

Answer 11

Relaxes vocal cords

Question 12

What is the function of the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle?

Answer 12

Adducting the vocal cord

Question 13

What is the function of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle?

Answer 13

Abducts vocal cords

Question 14

What nerves innervate intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

Answer 14

Recurrent laryngeal nerve (external laryngeal for thyroarytenoid)

Question 15

What is the endpoint of the trachia called?

Answer 15

Carina

Question 16

Describe the location of the trachea in relevance to vertebrae

Answer 16

From C6 to the disc between T4 & T5 (Sternal angle)

Question 17

What sensory nerves supply the trachea?

Answer 17

Vagus & recurrent laryngeal

Question 18

What arteries supply the trachea?

Answer 18

Inferior thyroid arteries
the lower 1/3: bronchial arteries

Question 19

What lymph nodes drain the trachea?

Answer 19

Pretracheal and paratracheal

Question 20

What structure anterior to the trachea in the neck portion is only found in children?

Answer 20

Left brachiocephalic vein

Question 21

Where does the azygos vein sit in relation to the trachea?

Answer 21

Right side of the mediasternum part

Question 22

Which primary bronchus is more prone to food getting in it and why?

Answer 22

Right; wider and more vertical

Question 23

What type of cartilage is the exterior nose made from?

Answer 23

Hyaline cartilage

Question 24

What is the most common location of anterior epistaxis?

Answer 24

Little’s area as it contains kiesselbach plexus

Question 25

Which sinus is most prone to infections and why?

Answer 25

Maxillary, it empties superiorly so needs to be full before that

Question 26

What structures does aryepiglottic fold connect?

Answer 26

Epiglottis to corniculate cartilage

Question 27

True ribs are number …..?

Answer 27

1-7

Question 28

False ribs are number …..?

Answer 28

8, 9, 10

Question 29

Floating ribs are number …..?

Answer 29

11 & 12

Question 30

Typical ribs are number …..?

Answer 30

3-9

Question 31

Which ribs only have one facet on their head?

Answer 31

1,10,11,12

Question 32

What extra landmarks does the 1st rib have?

Answer 32

Scalene tubercle & groves for subclavian artery & vein

Question 33

What makes the 2nd rib atypical?

Answer 33

It has a seratous tubercle

Question 34

What makes ribs 11&12 atypical?

Answer 34

Lack of neck = lack of tubercle = lack of facet for the transverse process of vertebrae

Question 35

What artery are the posterior intercostal branches of spaces 3-11 a branch of?

Answer 35

Descending thoracic aorta

Question 36

Origin & insertion of diaphram

Answer 36

O) Xiphoid + lower 6 costal cartilages + L1-L3 + arcuate ligaments I) Central tendon

Question 37

Which diaphragm crus is longer?

Answer 37

Right

Question 38

Where is the caval opening located?

Answer 38

On the right of T8

Question 39

Where is the esophageal opening located?

Answer 39

Anterior to T10, in the right crust

Question 40

Where is the aortic opening located?

Answer 40

Anterior to T12

Question 41

What passes through the caval opening?

Answer 41

Vena cava & right phrenic nerve

Question 42

What passes through the esophageal opening?

Answer 42

(Esophagus) 2) vagus nerves 3) esophageal branch of left gastric vessels 4) lymphatics from lower 1/3 of esophagus

Question 43

What passes through the aortic opening?

Answer 43

(Aorta), thoracic duct & azygos vein

Question 44

What is the motor nerve supply of the diaphragm?

Answer 44

Phrenic nerves

Question 45

What is the sensory nerve supply of the diaphragm?

Answer 45

Phrenic nerve for central surface Lower 6 intercostal n. for lateral

Question 46

What nerve could act as an accessory phrenic nerve in paralysis?

Answer 46

Nerve to subclavius

Question 47

When is damage to diaphragm considered in an injury?

Answer 47

When it’s below the nipple (5th rib)

Question 48

What nerve supplies the parietal pleura?

Answer 48

**Phrenic nerve** for mediastinal pleura & dome of diaphragmatic pleura **Intercostal nerves** for costal & peripheral diaphragmatic pleuras

Question 49

How much of the lung is over the thoracic outlet? (In CMs)

Answer 49

2.5

Question 50

The anterior border of the left lung is at which anatomical lines when it passes 6th, 8th & 10th rib respectively?

Answer 50

6th: midclavicular 8th: midaxillary 10th: paravertebral

Question 51

How far is the lung from the midline posteriorly ?

Answer 51

4 cm

Question 52

The horizontal fissure of the lung is at the rib number….?

Answer 52

T4

Question 53

The equivalent of the middle lobe in the left lung is called?

Answer 53

The lingula

Question 54

What are the other names of the primary, secondary and tertiary bronchi respectively?

Answer 54

Main, lobar, segmental

Question 55

What kind of epithelium is vestibular fold?

Answer 55

Respiratory epithelium

Question 56

What kind of epithelium is vocal fold?

Answer 56

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 57

What are lung pleuras derived from?

Answer 57

Visceral from splenchic mesoderm and parietal from somatic mesoderm

Question 58

When does the pseudoglandular period of lung development occur?

Answer 58

Weeks 6-16

Question 59

What period of lung development occurs between weeks 16 & 26?

Answer 59

Canalicular period

Question 60

When does respiration begin in a fetus?

Answer 60

Week 16

Question 61

When does the terminal sac stage of lung development occur?

Answer 61

Week 26 until birth

Question 62

At what stage of lung development is most alveolar development occuring?

Answer 62

Alveolar period (week 32-8 years after birth)

Question 63

At what age is alveolar development completed?

Answer 63

3 years old

Question 64

Where does the vallecula sit?

Answer 64

Median glossepiglottic fold

Question 65

Where does piriform fossa sit?

Answer 65

Laryngopharyngal depression

Question 66

What marks the oral isthmus?

Answer 66

Palatoglossal arch

Question 67

What artery pierces the thyrohyoid membrane?

Answer 67

Superior laryngeal artery

Question 68

What nerve pierces the thyrohyoid membrane?

Answer 68

Internal laryngeal

Question 69

What is the narrowest part of the larynx?

Answer 69

Adults: rima glottidis Children: cricoid cartilage

Question 70

What is the lateral cricoid facet for?

Answer 70

Articulation with inferior cornu of thyroid cartilage

Question 71

What is the posterior cricoid facet for?

Answer 71

Articulation with arytenoid cartilage

Question 72

What structure lies anterior to the larynx?

Answer 72

Infrahyoid muscle (strap)

Question 73

What vertebrae does the trachea pass?

Answer 73

C6-T5