Pharmacology Flashcards
(48 cards)
What Histamine receptor is associated with positive cardiac chronotropism ?
H2
What Histamine receptor is associated with positive cardiac inotropism ?
H1 & H2
What histamine receptor is associated with secreting gastric acid and from which cell is the histamine released?
H2; enterochromaffun-like cells
Name 2 histamine release inhibitors
Cromolyn & Nedocromil
Which first generation H1 blocker particularly increases apetite and how?
Cyproheptaine; blocks serotonin
Which 1st gen H1 blocker has the highest chance of blocking a-adrenergic receptors?
Promethazine
Which 1st gen H1 blockers have the highest chance of blocking cholinergic receptors?
Promethazine & Diphenhydramine
Which 1st gen H1 blocker has the highest chance of causing tachycardia?
Promethazine (sinus + reflex)
Diphenhydramine (sinus)
What’s the most common cause of coughs?
URT viral infection
How is a cough by ACE inhibitors treated?
Lower dose or replace with ARBs
What’s the optimal particle size for an inhaler?
2-5 um
Why do LABAs last that long?
High lipid solubility = dissolves in smooth muscle in high conc.
What is the methylxanthine used as bronchodilator called?
Theophylline
How is ipratropium bromide derived?
Atropine + NH4+
What time of the day are ICS given? And why?
Late afternoon; worse symptoms (even though it’s against natural ACTH release)
When is full response achieved in SABA?
After 3 uses
When is full response achieved in ICS?
After 2-4 weeks
What do we treat COPD with?
LABA + LAMA
When is a nebulizer used?
When coordination for inhaler is hard
What B2 agonists are available as an oral regimen?
Albuterol & Terbutaline
How often should SABA inhaler be taken?
Every 20 minutes
When do mast cell stabilizers start working?
2 weeks; maximum effect at 4-6 weeks
What is the DOC LABA; why?
Formoterol; instant onset of action
How long do LABAs last?
12h ; 24h for ultra long
