Bacteria

Question 1

What is the most common bacterial cause of strep throat?

Answer 1

Strep. Pyogenes

Question 2

How is acute rheumatic fever prevented?

Answer 2

Treat GAS within 10 days

Question 3

What is the species name for GAS?

Answer 3

S. Pyogenes

Question 4

What is the species name for GBS?

Answer 4

S. Agalactiae

Question 5

GAS & GBS are part of the ………. classification

Answer 5

Lancefield

Question 6

What type of hypersensitivity is ARF?

Answer 6

Type 2

Question 7

What type of hypersensitivity is Glomerulonephritis ?

Answer 7

Type 3

Question 8

What does S. Pyogenes adhere to?

Answer 8

CD46 on keratinocytes of nasopharyngeal epithelium

Question 9

What are the symptoms of ARF?

Answer 9

1) Carditis (pan)
2) Arthritis (poly + large)
3) Nodules (subcutaneous & no pus)
4) Erythema marginatum
5) Sydenham’s chorea

Question 10

What is the GBS capsule made of?

Answer 10

Sialic acid

Question 11

What is the pneumococcus capsule made of?

Answer 11

Polysaccharides

Question 12

What is the causing toxin of scarlet fever?

Answer 12

Erythrogenic exotoxin

Question 13

What is the causing toxin of STSS ?

Answer 13

Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin

Question 14

What is the GAS capsule made of?

Answer 14

Hyaluronic acid

Question 15

Which streptolysin is used in aerobic conditions?

Answer 15

Streptolysin S

Question 16

What are the diseases causes by pneumococcus?

Answer 16

Meningitis (Acute + Pus)
Otitis media (In children)
Pneumonia
Sinusitis

Question 17

What’s the most common cause of viral pneumonia?

Answer 17

Influenza & parainfluenza

Question 18

What’s the most common cause of fungal acute pneumonia?

Answer 18

Candida albicans

Question 19

What’s the type of vaccine used for Pneumococcus prevention

Answer 19

Conjugated

Question 20

What streptococcus pyogenes antigen is the major spreading factor ?

Answer 20

Hyaluronidase

Question 21

What is bacillus anthracis capsule made of?

Answer 21

Poly-D-Glutamic acid

Question 22

What is the name of the disease caused by pulmonary bacillus anthracis?

Answer 22

Wool-sorter’s disease

Question 23

What are the functions of bacillus anthracis exptoxin complex?

Answer 23

Protective agent: translocation
Edema factor: adenylate cyclase (increase cAMP)
Lethal factor: Cytolytic

Question 24

What type of vaccine is used for anthrax?

Answer 24

Both live and inactivated

Question 25

Why do bacillus anthraces colonies look like medussa head?

Answer 25

It forms very long chains

Question 26

What factors are hematin & NAD?

Answer 26

Hematin is factor X NAD is factor V

Question 27

Why does H. Influenza require a chocolate agar?

Answer 27

It requires plenty of factors V & X

Question 28

What is H. Influenza capsule made from?

Answer 28

Polyribitol phosphate

Question 29

What percentage of people have H. Influenza as normal flora?

Answer 29

20-80%

Question 30

What prophylaxis is given for H. Influenza?

Answer 30

Rifampin

Question 31

What is the empirical DOC for H. Influenza?

Answer 31

Ceftriaxone / Cefotaxime

Question 32

What H. Influenza vaccine is used for children >2 years old?

Answer 32

Purified PRP capsule (subunit)

Question 33

What H. Influenza vaccine is used for children 2-24 months old?

Answer 33

CRM197 (Diptheria toxin)

Question 34

Where does bordetella pertussis attach to ?

Answer 34

Respiratory cilia

Question 35

Why is bordet-gengou medium used for bordetella pertussis?

Answer 35

It has NAD & Charcoal

Question 36

What vaccine do we use for Bordetella pertussis ?

Answer 36

DTP & DTaP

Question 37

DTP vs DTaP?

Answer 37

DTaP is less toxic but shorter duration

Question 38

What swab is used for bordetella pertussis?

Answer 38

Nasopharyngeal

Question 39

What swab is used for Corynebacterium diphtheria ?

Answer 39

Throat

Question 40

Elek vs moloney test?

Answer 40

Elek : toxogenecity Moloney: sensitivity to toxin

Question 41

DOC for MSSA

Answer 41

Flucloxacillin

Question 42

DOC for MSSA

Answer 42

Vancomycin / Teicoplanin & Linezolid

Question 43

DOC for MDR P.aeruginosa

Answer 43

Ceftolozone + tazobactam Or Polymyxin (Colistin)

Question 44

What are the risk factors for stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection?

Answer 44

Hospitals, Immunocompromised, Lung disease

Question 45

What is the DOC for Stentrophomonas maltophilia?

Answer 45

Co-trimoxazole

Question 46

What enterobacterales cause pneumonia?

Answer 46

Klebsiella pneumoniae & E.coli

Question 47

DOC for normal Enterobacterales

Answer 47

Augmentin or Pipercillin-tazobactam

Question 48

DOC for ESBL Enterobacterales

Answer 48

Temocillin or Meropenem

Question 49

DOC for CRE

Answer 49

Ceftazidime-avibactam or high dose meropenem

Question 50

DOC for resistant enterobacterales

Answer 50

Fluroquinolones, Aminoglycosides or Colistin

Question 51

What's the incubation period of legionnaire's disease?

Answer 51

2-10 days

Question 52

DOC for stenotrophomonas maltiophilia

Answer 52

Co-trimoxazole

Question 53

DOC for S. Pneumonia

Answer 53

Vancomycin and fluroquinolones

Question 54

DOC for H. Influenza

Answer 54

3rd gen cephalosporins

Question 55

DOC for bordetella pertussis

Answer 55

Calirothromycin & erythromycin

Question 56

DOC for bacillus anthracis

Answer 56

Cirprofloxacin & (doxycycline)