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NLM1 (semester 2) > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

What is the anatomical location of the muscles that Flex/rotate, Abduct/Adduct and rotate in relation to the joint.

A

Flex - anterior to the joint

Extend - posterior to the joint

Abduct - muscles lateral to the joint

Adduct - muscles medial to the joint

Rotate - Short muscles close to the joint

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2
Q

What muscles are involved in abduction of the hip joint?

A

Gluteus medius and minimus

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3
Q

What are the muscles of the deep gluteal region? What movement are they all involved in?

A

Gluteus medius and minimus, piriformis, obturator internis, quadratus internis.

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4
Q

What are the contents of an anatomical space?

A

Nerves, arteries, Veins, lymph nodes.

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5
Q

What are the boundaries of the axilla?

A

Apex, Base, Anterior wall, posterior wall, lateral wall, medial wall

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6
Q

What’s the order of the contents in the femoral triangle medial to lateral?

A

NAVL - Femoral Nerve, Femoral artery and then vein, followed by the lymphatics.

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7
Q

What are the divisions of the sciatic nerve on the posterior of the leg?

A

Common peroneal - lateral

Tibial nerve - posterior.

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8
Q

What are the divisions of the obturator and femoral nerve on the anterior of the leg?

A

Superficial, Deep and Common peroneal nerves.

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9
Q

What type of joint is a interphalangeal joint?

A

Synovial hinge joint.

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10
Q

What type of joint is a metatarsophanalngeal joint?

A

Synovial ellipsoid joint.

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11
Q

The Carpal/metacarpal/phalangeal joints are all stabilised by what?

A

Collateral ligaments
Lumbrica land interossei muscles
Long flexor and extensor tendons
Deep transverse inter-metacarpal ligaments binding the heads of the 2nd and 5th metacarpals together.

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12
Q

The Tarsal/metatarsal/phalangeal joints are all stabilised by what?

A

Strong collateral ligaments laterally

Deep transverse metatarsal ligament and plantar ligaments

Fibres from the extensor tendons

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13
Q

What are the three arches of the foot?

A

Medial longitudinal arch

Lateral longitudinal arch

Transverse arch

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14
Q

What forms the medial longitudinal arch?

A

calcaneus, talus, navicular, ceneiforms and medial three metatarsals.

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15
Q

What forms the lateral longitudinal arch?

A

Calcaneus, cuboid and lateral two metatarsals

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16
Q

What forms the transverse arch?

A

The bases of the metatarsals.

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17
Q

What five structures stabilise the arches?

A

Short interosseous ligament

Spring ligament

Long and short plantar ligaments

CT of the plantar aponeurosis

Muscle tone.

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18
Q

What are the four intrinsic muscles of the hand?

A

Thenar muscles

Hypothenar muscles

interosseous muscles

Lumbricals

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19
Q

What are the three compartments of the hand?

A

Medial, middle and lateral.

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20
Q

The three muscles of the thenar eminence?

A

Abductor pollicis brevis

Flexor pollicis brevis

Opponens pollicis

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21
Q

The three muscles of the hypothenar eminence

A

Abductor digiti minimi

Flexor digiti minimi

Opponens digiti minimi

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22
Q

What nerve innervates the hyothenar eminence

A

Ulnar nerve.

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23
Q

What are the three ligaments of the elbow joint?

A

Radial collateral

Ulnar collateral

Anular ligament

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24
Q

What are the ligaments of the knee joint?

A

Medial and lateral collateral ligaments

The anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments (anterior and posterior to the tibia.

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25
List the four muscles of the quadriceps.
Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus medialis Vastus intermedius
26
What are the three Hamstring muscles?
Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Biceps Femoris
27
What are the borders of the cubital fossa?
``` Bracioradialis (lateral) pronator teres (medial) Imaginary line (superior - between the epicondyles of the humerus) Roof - skin and veins Floor - Joint cap use and deep muscles ```
28
What are the borders of the popliteal fossa?
``` Posterior - Both heads of Grastrocnemius Superior medial - Semimembranosus Superior lateral - Semitendinosus Roof - Skin and veins Floor - Joint capsule and deep muscles ```
29
What are the contents of the cubital fossa?
Brachial artery and vein Median nerve
30
What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?
Tibial nerve Common peroneal nerve Popliteal artery and vein
31
What week do the limb buds emerge?
4th/5th week.
32
Where do the limb buds emerge from the developing foetus?
C5-T1 L2-S2 Lateral aspect.
33
What are the limbs made up of when they first emerge?
The outer layer of ectoderm, and a mesenchymal core
34
What is the Apical ectodermal ridge (AER), what does it do?
A thickening of the limb bud which causes the adjacent mesenchyme to rapidly proliferate, as the limb bud grows they differentiate.
35
In the 7th week somites form what?
Skeletal muscle.
36
Carpal tunnel syndrome is due to the compression of which nerve?
Median nerve.
37
What is injured in a sprained ankle?
Lateral ligament of ankle is stretched or torn.
38
What are the two openings of the thorax?
Superior and inferior thoracic apertures.
39
How does the sternum develop?
As separate bones called sternebrae.
40
What type of joint is the manubriosternal joint?
Secondary cartilaginous joint.
41
What type of joint are the joints that link the ribs with the vertebrae?
Synovial
42
What type of joints are the costochondral joints?
Primary cartilaginous
43
What types of joints are the sternocostal joints?
The first (with the manubrium) is a primary cartilaginous joint. 2-7 are synovial. 8-10 are linked by one synovial joint.
44
The ventral Rami of what spinal nerves make up the thoracic intercostal nerves?
T1 (part of it) T2-T11
45
What ventral rami makes up the subcostal nerves?
T12
46
What two muscles are present in an intercostal space?
Internal and external intercostal muscles.
47
What branches do the 2 - 6th intercostal nerves give?
intercostal muscles, parietal pleura and a lateral/anterior cutaneous branch.
48
What do the 7th - 11th intercostal nerves supply?
Muscles and skin of anterior abdominal wall and intercostal muscles.
49
What does the subcostal nerve supply?
The lower part of the abdominal wall
50
What arteries supply the abdominal wall?
Anterior and posterior intercostal arteries.
51
Where do the anterior and posterior intercostal arteries arise from?
The anterior from the internal thoracic artery - from the subclavian The first two posterior from the subclavian. The 3rd - 11th posterior intercostal arteries from the descending thoracic aorta.
52
What type of joints are the ankle and wrist joints?
Wrist - ellipsoid Ankle - Hinge
53
What bones make up the wrist joint?
Proximal row of Carpal bones, the Radius and the Articular disc of the ulnar.
54
What bones make up the ankle joint?
Tib and Fib, and Talus.
55
What are the ligaments of the wrist?
Radial and Ulnar collateral ligament.
56
What ligaments make up the ankle joint?
The medial (deltoid) ligament and the Lateral ligament.
57
What do the terms: Pollicis, Digiti minimi, Hallucis and Carpi mean?
Pollicis = thumb Digiti minimi = little finger Hallucis= big toe Carpi = wrist
58
What do the terms: Superficialis, Profundus, Longus, Brevis and Teres mean?
``` Superficialis = superficial Profundus = Deep Longus = long Brevis = short Teres = round and long ```
59
What are the muscles of the anterior compartment and the superficial group of the forearm?
``` Pronator teres Flexor carpi radialis Palmaris longus Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor digitorum superficialis ```
60
What are the muscles of the posterior, superficial group of the forearm?
Brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor digitorum Extensor digiti minimi Extensor carpi ulnaris
61
What are the muscles of the anterior deep group of the forearm?
Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor pollicis longus Pronator quadratus
62
What are the muscles of the posterior deep group of the forearm?
``` Supinator Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Extensor Indicis ```
63
What are the muscles in the Posterior superficial group of the leg? (lower leg)
Gastrocnemius Soleus Plantaris
64
What are the muscles in the anterior superficial group of the leg? (lower leg)
Tibialis anterior Extensor hallucis longus Extensor digitorum longus Peroneus tertius
65
What are the muscles in the lateral superficial group of the leg? (lower leg)
Peroneus longus | Peroneus brevis
66
What are the muscles in the anterior deep group of the leg? (lower leg)
Tibialis posterior Flexor hallucis longus Flexor digitorum longus Popliteus
67
The Sacral and Lumbar plexuses supply which areas of the leg respectively?
Sacral - The thigh and leg | Lumbar - Only the thigh (medial and anterior only)
68
The Metacarpo-phalangeal, interphalangeal, intercarpal, and carpo-metacapal (of thumb), and of fingers joints are what type?
Metacarpo-phalangeal: Ellipsoid Interphalangeal: Hinge Carpo-metacarpo (of thumb): saddle Carpo-metacapo (of fingers): ellipsoid
69
What are the four classifications of the intrinsic muscles of the foot and the hand?
Muscles which move the big toe (Hallux), and thumb (Pollex) The little finger and little toe (digit minimi) Muscles between the metacarpals/tarsals (interossei) Muscles attached to the tendon of flexor digitorum profundus (in the hand) and Flexor didgitorum longus in the foot. (lumbricals)
70
What are the arteries of the upper limb (arm)
Subclavian - Axillary - Brachial (profunda brachii branch spirals around the humerus) - Radial/Ulnar - superficial/deep palmar arches.
71
What are the superficial lower limb lymphatics called? and the upper?
Inguinal Axillary
72
If you suspect a spinal nerve injury where would you look for the effects of that injury?
Sensory loss in the dermatome, muscle weakness in the myotome and a possible diminished reflex response.

NLM1 (semester 2) (8 decks)

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