anatomy Flashcards
(46 cards)
list blood flow throughout the heart
deoxygenated: superior vena cava and inferior vena cava > right atrium > tricuspid valve > right ventricle > pulmonary truck > pulmonary valve > pulmonary ateries
OXYGENATES IN THE LUNGS
oxygenated: pulmonary veins > left atrium > bicuspid valve > left ventricle > aortic valve > aorta
list the main branches of the right coronary artery
sinus node artery
right marginal artery
posterior descending artery
what area is supplied by the sinus node
right atrium
what area is supplied by the right marginal artery
right ventricle
what area is supplied by the posterior descending artery
inferior walls of both ventricles
inferior portion of the interventricular septum
what are the main brances of the left coronary artery
circumflex artery
left anerior descending artery
what areas does the circumflex artery supply
left atrium
posterior and lateral walls of the left ventricle
anterior and lateral walls of the left ventricle
what areas are supplied by the left anterior descending artery
anterior portion of the interventricular septum
what is the normal pacemaker of the heart
what other structure supports the “pacemaker” to complete cardiac impulses for atrial musculature
SA node is the normal pacemaker
AV node supports
what structure conducts cardiac impulses preferentially from right to left atrium
backmann bundle
what structure is passes through the interventricular septum then divides into the right and left bundle branches
bundle of His
what structure is formed by the right and left bundle branches and extends into both ventricular walls
purkinje fibers
the sympathetic nervous system releases what hormones
what is the effect of the release of these hormones
epinephrine and norepinephrine
stimulation of the chambers to beat faster and stronger
explain the baroreceptor reflex
reflex activated based on changes in pressure detected by arterial baroreceptrs and cardiopulmonary receptors
sympathetic activation = increased contraction, heart rate, vasoconstriction and vendor constriction which overall increases BP d/t increase of total peripheral resistance and CO
peripheral activation = decreased HR and contractility which decreases BP
explain the bainbridge reflex
increased HR d/t increased venous return
explain chemoreceptor reflex
in conditions of acidosis (partial oxygen of <50) = increased in depth and rate of ventilation and reduced heart rate and contractility
explain valsalva maneuver
forced expiration against a closed glottis:
results in increased intrathoracic pressure and central venous pressure, and decreased venous return
results in decreased CO and BP which increases HR and contractility
glottis opens:
increase in venous return, BP, and contractility
increase in BP decreases HR
atrial systole
contraction of the right and left atria pushing blood into the ventricles
atrial diastole
period between atrial contractions when atira are repolarizing
ventricular diastole
period between ventriculat contraction when ventricles are repolarizing
ventricular systole
contraction of the right and left ventricles pushing blood into the pulmonary arteries and aorta
define preload
tension in ventricular wall at the end of diastole
reflects venous filling pressure that fills the left ventricle during diastole
define afterload
forces that impede the flow of blood out of the heart (peripheral vasculature)
compliance of aorta and mass/viscosity of the blood also affect flow of blood out to the heart
define stroke volume (SV)
what are normal rances
volume of blood ejected by each contraction of the left ventricle
60-80 ml
