PT tests and measures Flashcards by Cidney Woodard

describe angina pain scale rating

1 - mild, barely noticable
2 - moderate, bothersome
3 - moderately severe, very uncomfortable
4 - most severe or intense pain ever experienced

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an ABI > 1.40 would indicate…

rigid arteries and the need for an ultrasound test to check for PAD

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an ABI of 1-1.40 would indicate…

normal

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an ABI of 0.8-0.99 would indicate

mild blockage, beginnings of peripheral artery disease

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an ABI of 0.4-0.79 would indicate

moderate blockage, may be associated with intermittent claudication during exercise

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an ABO of <0.4 would indicate

severe blockage suggesting severe peripheral artery dieases, may have claudication pain at rest

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what is normal BP for an adult

<120 / < 80

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what is elevated BP in adults

120 - 129 / < 80

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what is stage 1 hypertension

130 - 139 / 80 - 89

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what is stage 2 hypertension

> 140 / >/= 90

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what is hypertensive crisis

> 180 / >120

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what anatomical placement can you hear the aortic valve

2nd intercostal space at right sternal border

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what anatomical placement can you hear the pulmonic valve

2nd intercostal space at L sternal border

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what anatomical placement can you hear the mitral valve

5th intercostal space, medial to the L midclavicular line

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what anatomical placement can you hear the tricuspid valve

4th intercostal space at the left sternal border

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list the order of the heart sounds with coordinating sounds

S1 (lub)
S2 (dub)
S3 (normal in young children, abnormal in adults)
S4 (indicates hupertension, stenosis, hypertensive heart disease, MI)

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what causes murmurs

disruption of blood flow past a stenotic or regurgitant valve

allows for blood to flow backwards

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TRACHEAL AND BRONCHIAL SOUNDS

normal/abnormal? -why

describe sounds

normal

loud, tubular sounds heard over trachea

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VESICULAR BREATH SOUNDS

normal/abnormal - why

describe sounds

normal

high pitched, breezy sounds

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CRACKLES

normal/abnormal? - why

describe sounds

abnormal

indicates fluid in the lung area

discontinuous, high-pitched popping sounds during inspiration

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PLEURAL FRICTION RUB

normal/abnormal - why

describe sounds

abnormal

indicates inflammation

dry, crackling sounds heard during inspiration and inspiration

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RHONCHI

normal/abnormal - why

describe sounds

abnormal

indicates inflammatory secretions

continuous low-pitched sounds, “snoring”

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STRIDOR

normal/abnormal - why

describe sounds

abnormal

indicates upper airway obstruction

high-pitched wheeze during inspiration and expiration

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WHEEZE

normal/abnormal - why

describe sounds

abnormal

indicates turbulent airflow and vibrations in small airways

continuous musical or whistling sound

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BRONCHIAL BREATH SOUNDS normal/abnormal - why describe sounds

abndormal possible indication of pneumonia heard in locations where esicular sounds are normally present

how to perform cappilary refill time explain the interpretation

firm pressure on nail bed, release pressure, observe time for color to return <2 sec = normal >2 sec = abnormal

what is the claudication test used for how is the test performed what characteristics are used to determine score

assesses the severity of the patient's claudication to determine risk for peripheral artery disease to walks on treadmill @ 0-12% @ 2 mph pain-free walking distance, max distance walked when test terminated d/t pain, and speed of walking are considered with scoring

explain the grading scare for cladication pain

grade 1 - definite discomfort or pain, but only initial or modest levels grade 2 - moderate discomfort or pain from which the patient's attention can be diverted grade 3 - intense pain from which the patient's attention cannot be diverted grade 4 - excrutiating and unbearable pain

briefly describe the Borg Dyspnea Scale and what it addresses

0 (no breathlessness at all) - 10 (max breathlessness) addresses the level of breathlessness a pt experiences during activity

what does the P wave measure

atrial depolarization

what does the QRS wave measure

ventricular depolarization

what does the T wave measure

ventricular depolarization

what is normal heart rate

60-100 bpm

what is sinus bradycardia

sinus rhytm with HR < 60 bpm

wha is sinus tachycardia

sinus rhythm with HR > 100 bpm

what is sinus arrhythmia

sinus rhythm with slight bear-to-beat variation of rate

what is sinus arrest

sinus rhythm with occassional complete absence of P or QRS waves

describe premature atrial contractions (PAC)

P wave is premature with abdormal configuration

describe atrial flutter what are some signs and symptoms

rapid atrial tachycardia with sawtooth shaped P waves palpitations, lightheadedness, angina

describe atrial fibrillation what are some signs and symptoms

no discrete P wave palpitations, fatigue, dyspnea, lightheadedness, syncope, chest pain

describe 1st degree atrioventricular block

PR interval is consistently longer

describe type 1 2nd degree atrioventricular block

progressive lengthening of PR intervals until QRS drops

describe type 2 2nd degree atrioventricular block

normal PR interval with sudden QRS drop

describe 3rd degree atrioventricular block

atrial rate > ventrical rate pt might faint d/t slow ventricular rate

describe premature ventricular complex (PVC)

premature depolarization arising in the ventricles bigemeny - normal signus impulse is followed by PVC trigemiy - PVC occurs after every 2 normal sinus impulses

describe ventricular tachycardia (v-tach) what are some common causes

3 or more consecutive PVCs MI, cardiomyopathy, valvular disease

describe vetricular fibrillation (v-fib)

ventircles do not beat in a coordinated fashoul but fibrillate or quiver asynchronously and ineffectively no CO = unconsciousness

what does ST segment depression indicate

subendocardial ischemia

what does ST segment elevation indicate

acute transmural infarction

what does Q wave indicate

infarction

what does T wave inversion indicate

occurs hours/days after an MI

what are absolute indications for terminating an exercise test

drop in SBP > 10 moderately servere angina increased nercous system symptoms signs of poor perfusion (palor) sustained ventricular tachycardia ST elevation

what does a positive exercise stress test indicate

high probability of coronary artery disease

how do you perform Homans' Sign for DVT what is a positive for the test

passively dorsiflex ankle with knee extended pain in calf or popliteal space

what is considered to be a normal heart rate for infants

100-130

what is considered to be a normal heart rate for a child

80-100

what is a normal heart rate for an adult

60-100

a pulse graded as 3+ means..

large or bounding pulsation

a pulse graded as 2+ means..

normal or average pulse

a pulse graded as 1+ means..

small or reduced pulsation

a pule graded as 0 means..

absense of pulsation

what pathologies are considered to be an obstructive ventilatory impairment

asthma emphysema chronic bronchitis

what pathologies are considered to be a restrictive ventilatory impairment

chest wall deforminties obesity pregnancy neuromuscular disease tumor

an RPE of 13-14 represents about ___% of max heart rate

70%

what RPE would be appropriate for early stages of cardiac rehab

11-13

how many breaths/min should a newborn have

33-45

how many breaths/min should a 1 year old have

25-25

how many breaths/min should a 10 year old have

15-20

how many breaths/min should an adult have

12-20

how is respiratory rhythm different in COPD when compared to a normal person

COPD has longer expiration phase

define apnea

absence of spontanous breathing

define biots

irrectular breathing associated with increased intracranial pressure/damage to medulla

define chyne-stokes

decreaseing rate and depth of breathing with periods of apnea

define eupnea

normal rate and depth of breathingd

define hyperpnea

increased rate and depth of breathing

define hypopnea

decreased rate and depth of breathing

define kussmauls

dee and fast breathing

define paradoxial

chest wall moves in with inhalation and out with exhalation

defline tachypnea

faster than normal respiratory rate, > 20 breaths/min

(left or right) sided heart failure is generally associated with signs of pulmonary venous congestion

left

(left or right) sided heart failure is associated with signs of systemic venous congestion

right

what condition has the clinical presentation of barrel chest, increased subcostal angle, rounded shoulders, and rosy skin coloring

emphysema

PT tests and measures Flashcards

(82 cards)