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JL Opthalmology > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

What bone is the superior orbital fissure in?

A

Sphenoid bone

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2
Q

What bone is infraorbital foramen in?

A

Maxilla

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3
Q

What bone is optic canal in?

A

Sphenoid bone

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4
Q

What bone is supraorbital notch in?

A

Frontal bone

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5
Q

What is the apex of the bony orbit?

A

Optic canal

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6
Q

What parts of the bony orbit are affected in blowout fractures because they are extremely thin?

A

Medial wall and orbital floorq

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7
Q

What NVB can be damaged in blowout fractures?

A

Infraorbital

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8
Q

What are the two parts of the obicularis oculi in the external layer of eyelid?

A

Orbital and palpebral parts (palpebral is lower lid)

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9
Q

What is the tendon called that is superior on the eyelid?

A

Tendon of levator palpebrae superioris

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10
Q

What are the two ligaments medial and lateral of the eyelid?

A

Lateral palpebral ligament

Medial palpebral ligament

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11
Q

Name the sheet of fascia on the eyelid that helps prevent spread of infection from superficial to deep?

A

Orbital septum

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12
Q

What structures above and below the eyelid are thumb shaped?

A

Superior tarsus and inferior tarsus

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13
Q

What structure does the levator palpebrae superioris attach to?

A

Superior Tarsus

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14
Q

What role do the tarsal glands have?

A

Lipid secretion

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15
Q

What are the coloured parts of the eye called?

A

Iris

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16
Q

What is the iris covered by?

A

The cornea

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17
Q

What is the lower eyelid lined by?

A

Conjunctiva

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18
Q

What is the junction between the sclera and cornea called?

A

The limbus

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19
Q

What is the conjunctival fornix?

A

Loose arching folds connecting the conjunctival membrane lining the inside of the eyelid with the conjunctival membrane covering the eyeball

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20
Q

What innervates the lacrimal gland?

A

Parasympathetic VII

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21
Q

What do lacrimal fluid drain through?

A

Lacrimal puncta

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22
Q

What is a variable aperture, under autonomic control, in the centre of the iris?

A

The pupil

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23
Q

What are the three layers of the eye?

A

Fibrous
Uvea (vascular layer)
Retina (photosensitive - inner layer)

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24
Q

What are the two layers of the fibrous part of the eye?

A

Sclera - muscle attachment

Cornea - 2/3rd of refractive power

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25
What are the three parts of the uvea layer?
1. Iris - pupil diameter 2. Ciliary body 3. Choroid
26
What structure in the uvea controls nutrition and gas exchange?
Choroid
27
What structure in the uvea controls iris, shape of lens and secretion of aqueous humour?
Ciliary body
28
Where is the anterior segment of the eye
In front of lens - divided into chambers
29
What is the anterior chamber of the anterior segment of eye between and what does it contain?
Between cornea and iris- contains aqueous humour
30
What is the posterior chamber of the anterior segment of eye between and what does it contain?
Between iris and suspensory ligaments - contains aqueous humour
31
Where is the posterior segment of the eye?
Behind the lens - 2/3rds of the eye
32
What does the posterior segment of eye contain?
Contains vitreous body which has vitreous humour. The vitrous body is common location for floaters
33
What is clouding of the lens called?
A cataract
34
How does aqueous from posterior chamber get into anterior chamber to nourish the cornea?
Passes through pupil
35
Once aqueous has been through the pupil - where does it get reabsorbed?
Into scleral venous sinus (canal of schlemm) at iridocorneal angle
36
What is the posterior area in the retina where light is focused?
Fundus
37
What three structures does the fundus contain in the retina?
1. Optic disc 2. Macula 3. Fovea
38
What structure in the fundus of the retina is the point of CN II formation, only point of entry for blood vessels and axons of CN II and is the blind spot?
Optic disc
39
What do the central artery of the retina and the central vein of theretina travel through?
Optic nerve
40
What does the macula of the fundus of the retina contain?
Greatest density of cones
41
What is the fovea?
Centre of the macule, depression, 1.5mm diameter and area of most acute vision
42
What does complete interuption of flow in a retinal artery branch/retinal vein cause?
Loss of an area of visual field corresponding to the area of ischaemia
43
What does complete interruption of flow of the central artery (
Monocular blindness
44
What are the three layers of the retina from posterior to anterior?
1. Photoreceptors 2. Ganglion cells lie anterior to the photoreceptor cells 3. Axons of the gangliong cells lie anterior to the ganglion cell and photoreceptor cells
45
Where do the retinal veins and retinal arteries lie?
Anterior to the retina
46
Why is the optic disc termed the blind spot?
Because there are no photoreceptors in it
47
Where is light from objects in the right visual field processed by?
The left primary visual cortex
48
What arteries branch off the opthalmic arterty to supply the eye?
Ciliary arteries
49
What type of artery is the central artery of the retina?
An end artery
50
What is the only vein draining the retina?
The central vein
51
Where does the orbit drain anteriorly into?
The facial vein
52
What drains mainly into the superior opthalmic vein?
The inferior opthalmic vein
53
Where does most venous drainage from the orbit eventually go?
Cavernous sinus via the superior orbital fissure
54
How many rectus muscles are there?
4
55
Where do all 4 rectus muscles originate from?
Common tendinous ring
56
Where do all 4 rectus muscles insert onto?
Sclera
57
Where do the 2 oblique muscles insert onto?
Sclera
58
What does levator palpebrae superioris lift?
The upper eye lid
59
What does superior oblique muscle go through?
Trochlea
60
What is the somatic motor innervation of extraorricular muscles?
LR6 - Lateral rectus CN6 SO4 - Superior oblique CN4 AO3 - All others CN3
61
What movements of the eyeball occur around the vertical axis?
Abduction and adduction (abducts away from midline or adducts towards midline)
62
What movements of teh eyeball occur around the transverse axis?
Elevation and depression
63
What movements of the eyeball occur around the anteroposterior axis (superior pole of eyeball)?
Intorsion (medial rotation) and extorsion (lateral rotation)
64
What two muscles do not have secondary movements?
Medial and lateral rectus
65
What do you have to do to isolate muscle movement when clinically testing eye movements?
Line up gaze to plane of muscles being tested
66
What movement can lateral rectus do?
ONLY abduct the eyeball
67
When in abduction - what is the only movement superior rectus can do?
Only elevate
68
When in abduction - what is the only movement inferior rectus can do?
Only depress
69
What movement can medial rectus only do?
Adduct eyeball (move it medially)
70
When in adduction what is the only movement inferior oblique can do?
Elevate
71
When in adduction what is the only movement superior oblique can do?
Depress - trochlear nerve
72
What two muscles can purely elevate the eye?
Superior rectus and inferior oblique
73
What two muscles can purely depress the eye?
Superior oblique and inferior rectus

JL Opthalmology (6 decks)

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