Week 1

Question 1

What is inflammation of the cornea?

Answer 1

Keratitis

Question 2

What is inflammation of the entire globe?

Answer 2

Endophthalmitis

Question 3

Name a common eye condition which is very common and involves a red eye with sticky discharge?

Answer 3

Bacterial conjunctivitis

Question 4

Name the three organisms that commonly cause bacterial conjunctivitis in neonates?

Answer 4

Staph aureus
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Chlamydia trachomatis

Question 5

What should you do when presented with bacterial cponjucntivitis in neonates?

Answer 5

Refer all cases to opthalmology

Question 6

What are the three most common bacteria to cause bacterial conjunctivitis in other ages?

Answer 6

Staph aureus
Strep pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae

Question 7

How is bacterial conjunctivitis treated?

Answer 7

With topical antibiotic - chloramphenical

Question 8

When should you aboid using chloramphenical?

Answer 8

If history of aplastic anaemia or allergy

Question 9

Name three viruses that can cause viral conjunctivitis?

Answer 9

1. Adenovirus
2. Herpes simplex
3. Herpes zoster

Question 10

What does Hitchinson robinsons sign suggest?

Answer 10

Herpes zoster - sits in trigeminal nerve ganglion then comes out sometimes after URTI

Question 11

What condition should you suspect in bilateral conjunctivitis in young adults, may or may not have symptoms of urethritis and vaginitis?

Answer 11

Chlamydial conjunctivitis

Question 12

What condition can present with wet rice grains on eye and feels like blinking over stones?

Answer 12

Chlamydial conjunctivitis

Question 13

How is collagen in the cornea alligned?

Answer 13

Parallel to be transpartent

Question 14

What should you do if you see a white mark with level in a red eye?

Answer 14

Urgent referral

Question 15

What is bacterial keratitis usually associated with?

Answer 15

Other corneal pathology o contact lens wear

Question 16

What type of ulcer is herpetic keratitis?

Answer 16

Dendritic - looks like it has branches

Question 17

What condition is very painful, can be recurrent and recurrences eventually result in reduced corneal sensation?

Answer 17

Herpetic keratitis

Question 18

What should NOT be used in herpetic keratitis?

Answer 18

Steroids - can cause corneal melt and perforation of the cornea

Question 19

What eye condition gives subepithelial infiltrates?

Answer 19

Adenoviral keratitis

Question 20

What eye condition is bilateral, usually follows an URTI, is contagious and may affect vision?

Answer 20

Adenoviral keratitis

Question 21

How is adenoviral keratitis treated?

Answer 21

Give topical AB to prevent secondary infection and can require steroids if chronic

Question 22

Give two fungi which can cause keratitis? Especially in contact lens

Answer 22

Acanthamoeba

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 23

What is normally in the history with fungal keratits?

Answer 23

History of trauma from vegetation - takes a long time to heal

Question 24

What condition is painful - especially on eye movements, has proptosis, often associated with paranasal sinusitis, pyrexial and is sight threatening?

Answer 24

Orbital cellulitis

Question 25

What investigation is done in orbital cellulitis?

Answer 25

CT scan

Question 26

How is orbital cellulitis treated?

Answer 26

Broad spectrum antibiotics and drainage

Question 27

What condition is devastating infection inside of the eye and occurs post surgically or endogenous?

Answer 27

Endophthalmitis

Question 28

What are symptoms of endophthalmitis?

Answer 28

Painful with decreasing vision, very red eye and sight threatening

Question 29

What is the most common conjunctival commensal to infect endophthalmitis?

Answer 29

Staph epidermidis

Question 30

How is endophthalmitis treated?

Answer 30

With intravitreal amikacin and vancomycin and topical antibiotics

Question 31

What disease can cause CMV retinitis?

Answer 31

AIDS

Question 32

What infection of the eye comes from tics and presents with ,ild flu liek illness?

Answer 32

Toxoplasmosis

Question 33

What parasite affects cats and dogs, unable to replicate in humans, remains an aimmature form of teh worm and is self limiting and can form granulomas which can cause irreversible visual los?

Answer 33

Toxocara

Question 34

How is bacterial eye infection diagnosed?

Answer 34

Swabs for culture

Question 35

How is bacterial keratitis diagnosed?

Answer 35

Corneal scrapes

Question 36

How is endiophthalmitis diagnosed?

Answer 36

Aquous/vitreous for culture

Question 37

How is acanthamoeba diagnosed?

Answer 37

Microscopy/culture

Question 38

How is toxoplasma and toxocara diagnosed?

Answer 38

Serology

Question 39

How does chloramphenicol work?

Answer 39

Inhibits peptidyl transferase enzyme - therefore stops bacterial protein being made

Question 40

Name a syndrome chloramphenicol can cause?

Answer 40

Greyu baby syndrome

Question 41

Can you use chloramphenicol in children?

Answer 41

No

Question 42

What condition is caused by stasis of tears?

Answer 42

Dacrocystitis - treat with antibiotics

Question 43

Name a common contaminent of eye drop bottles?

Answer 43

Pseudomonas

Question 44

Name an eye condition antivbirals are used for?

Answer 44

Dendritic ulcers of cornea

Question 45

In bacterial conjunctivitis - what bacteria does chloramphenicol not treat?

Answer 45

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 46

In bacterial conjunctivitis what does fusidic acid treat?

Answer 46

Staph aureus

Question 47

What antibioitic is used to treat pseudomonas or gram neg bacterial conjunctivitis?

Answer 47

Gentamici

Question 48

How is chlamydial conjunctivitis treated?

Answer 48

Topical oxytetracycline - but adults may also need oral azithromycin treatment for genital chlamydia infection

Question 49

What condition is rare, bilateral granulomatous uveitis due to trauma or surgery?

Answer 49

Sympathetic ophthalmia

Question 50

What hypersensitivity reaction is acute allergic conjunctivitis?

Answer 50

Type I

Question 51

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is ocular cicatricial pemphigoid?

Answer 51

Direct cell killing - type II

Question 52

What type of hypersesnitivity reaction is autoimmune corneal melting?

Answer 52

Immune complex mediated

Question 53

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is corneal graft reject?

Answer 53

Delayed type 4

Question 54

Where is CSF produced?

Answer 54

In the secretory epithelium of the choroid plexus

Question 55

What is formed in the ventricles and then circulates in the subarachnoid space then absorbed into venous circulation?

Answer 55

Cerebrospinal fluid

Question 56

Where is the choroid plexus in the brain found?

Answer 56

In the 3rd, 4th and lateral venticles

Question 57

What connects the ventricles to the fourth ventricle/

Answer 57

Aqueduct in midbrain

Question 58

What does the BBB in endothelial cells in brain capillaries consist od?

Answer 58

1. Capillary endothelium 2. Basal membrane 3. Perivascular astrocytes

Question 59

What causes headache and visual disturbances due to papilloaedema and is an enigmatic condition?

Answer 59

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension/psuedotumour cerebri