Week 2 (2)

Question 1

Name a secretion used in ocular defence?

Answer 1

Meibomian

Question 2

Mucopurulent discharge?

Answer 2

Bacterial infection

Question 3

Mycoid discharge

Answer 3

Allergic type

Question 4

Watery discharge?

Answer 4

Viral problems

Question 5

What is blepharitis?

Answer 5

Inflamed eyelids

Question 6

What produces scales on the lashes?

Answer 6

Seborrhoeic blepharitis

Question 7

What - anterior or posterior - blepharitis causes the lid margin to be redder than deeper part of lid?

Answer 7

Anterior

Question 8

Name a type of posterior blepharitis?

Answer 8

Meibomian gland dysfunction

Question 9

What eye condition presents with gritty eyes, foreign body sensation and mild discharge?

Answer 9

Blepharitis

Question 10

What type of anterior blepharitis involves distorted lashed, loss of lashed, ingrowing lashes, styes, ulcers of lid margin, corneal staining and marginal ulcers?

Answer 10

Staphylococcal

Question 11

What type of blephitis is the TP sign seen in?

Answer 11

Sebaceous blephitis

Question 12

What type of blephitis is associated with acne rosacea?

Answer 12

Posterior - meibomian gland disease

Question 13

How is blepharitis treated?

Answer 13

Lid hygiene, supplementary tear drops, oral doxycycline for 2-3 months

Question 14

What presents with red eye, foreign body sensation - gritty eye, discharge - sticky eye and itch?

Answer 14

Conjunctivitis - vision unaffected

Question 15

What are pale follicles seen in?

Answer 15

Viral conjunctivitis

Question 16

What type of conjunctivitis are papillae seen in?

Answer 16

Acute bacterial conjunctivitis

Question 17

Name the three most common organisms causing acut3e bacterial conjunctivitis?

Answer 17

Staph aureus, strep pneumoniae and h. influenza

Question 18

What is the most common viral cause of conjunctivitis?

Answer 18

Adenovirus

Question 19

What are the three layers of the cornea?

Answer 19

Epithelium, stroma, endothelium

Question 20

What broadly causes central corneal ulcers?

Answer 20

Infective

Question 21

What broadly causes peripheral corneal ulcers?

Answer 21

Autoimmune

Question 22

Name two causes of peripheral autoimmune corneal ulcers?

Answer 22

RA, hypersensitivity e.g. marginal ulcers and rarely GPA

Question 23

Who does central infective acanthamoeba ulcers affect?

Answer 23

Contact lens weareres

Question 24

What presents with needle like, severe pain, photophobia, profuse lacrimation and red eye?

Answer 24

Corneal ulcers

Question 25

Name some signs of a corneal ulcer?

Answer 25

Redness, corneal reflex abnormal, corneal opacity anad hypopyon

Question 26

What deficiency can cause corneal ulcers?

Answer 26

Vitamin A

Question 27

How are corneal ulcers investigated?

Answer 27

Corneal scrape for gram stain and culture

Question 28

What antimicrobial is used if bacterial corneal ulcer?

Answer 28

Ofloxacin

Question 29

Name four autoimmune causes of anterior uveitis?

Answer 29

1. Reiters 2. IBD 3. Ank Spond 4. Sarcoidosis

Question 30

What symptoms do anterior uveitis present with?

Answer 30

Pain Reduced vision Photophobia Red eye

Question 31

What signs does anterior uveitis present with?

Answer 31

Ciliary injection Keratic precipitates Hypopyon Synechiae - small or irregular pupil

Question 32

How is anterior uveitis managed?

Answer 32

Topical steroids - pred Forte | Mydriatics - cyclopentolate

Question 33

What is a serious disease, painful, associated with serious systemic vasculitides e.g. RA and GPA, injection of deep vascular plexus and associated uveitis?

Answer 33

Scleritis

Question 34

How is scleritis detected?

Answer 34

Phenylephrine test

Question 35

How is scleritis treated?

Answer 35

Oral NSAIDs, oral steroids and steroid sparing agents

Question 36

What can precipitate AC glaucoma?

Answer 36

Dilated pupil - watching TV

Question 37

Who might ac glaucoma occur in?

Answer 37

Elderly - hypermetropic with thick glasses

Question 38

What presents with severe pain, nausea, cornea cloudy, pupil mid dilated and eye stony hard?

Answer 38

Ac closed angle glaucoma

Question 39

Describe the 5 stages of the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy?

Answer 39

1. Chronic hyperglycaemia 2. Glycosylation of protein/basement membrane 3. Loss of pericytes 4. Microaneurysm 5. Leakage and ischaemia

Question 40

What are these signs of: microaneurysms (dot and blot haemorrhages), hard exudates, cotton wool patches, venous bleeding and intra-retinal microvascular abnormailites?

Answer 40

Non proliferative retinopathy

Question 41

What three things do diabetic patients lose vision form?

Answer 41

1. Retinal oedema affecting the fovea 2. Vitreous haemorrhage 3. Scarring or retinal detachment

Question 42

How is diabetic maculopathy managed?

Answer 42

Laser - PRP, macular grid | Vitrectomy

Question 43

What are these features of: attenuated blood vessels (copper or silver wiring), cotton wool spots, hard exudates, retinal haemorrhages and optic disc oedema?

Answer 43

Hypertensive retinopathy

Question 44

What presents with sudden painless loss of vision, retinal nerve fibre layer becomes swollen except at fovea (cherry red spot)?

Answer 44

CRAO

Question 45

What is the most common cause of unilateral and bilateral proptosis?

Answer 45

Thyroid eye disease

Question 46

What has this triad: keratoconjnctivitis sicca, xerostomia and RA?

Answer 46

Sjogrens

Question 47

What way does the lens dislocate in marfans?

Answer 47

Up

Question 48

Symblepharon, occlusion of lacrimal glands, corneal ulcers?

Answer 48

Stevensjohnson syndrome