Anatomy

Question 1

Where is the root of the nose?

Answer 1

between the eyes

Question 2

What is the length/rim of the nose called?

Answer 2

dorsum

Question 3

What is the skin surrounding the nares called?

Answer 3

ala

Question 4

What is the invaginated skin from the nose to the upper lip called?

Answer 4

philtrum

Question 5

What is the bony projection out of the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone called

Answer 5

crista galli

Question 6

What is the crista galli attached to?

Answer 6

falx cerebri- dura

Question 7

What is found surrounding the perpendicular plate?

Answer 7

superior and middle concha which are themselves surrounded by ethmoidal air cells

Question 8

How does the ethmoid bone contribute to the nasal cavity?

Answer 8

forms parts of the root, lateral walls and septum

Question 9

How does the ethmoid contribute to the orbits?

Answer 9

forms an orbital plate which forms the medial aspect of the orbit

Question 10

Where are the conchae found in the nasal cavity?

Answer 10

lateral wall (i.e not the septum

Question 11

What forms the septum?

Answer 11

vomer; perpendicular plate of ethmoid; septal cartilage

Question 12

What type of skull fracture can disrupt the cribiform plate and therefore smell?

Answer 12

Le Fort II and III

Question 13

What type of mucosa is found in the nasal vestibule?

Answer 13

stratified squamous epithelium- changes from keratinised to non-keratinised

Question 14

What are the 2 types of mucosa foudn in the nasal cavity?

Answer 14

respiratory epitheliu madn olfactory epithelium

Question 15

What does the olfactory epithelium line?

Answer 15

the superior concha

Question 16

What is the olfactory pathway?

Answer 16

receptor cells in the olfactory epithelium; pass up through cribiform plate; synapse with olfactory blub; neurons pass along olfactory tract to temporal lobe and olfactory areas

Question 17

Where do the olfactory bulbs lie?

Answer 17

beside the crista galli

Question 18

What is the somatic sensory innervation of the septum?

Answer 18

opthalmic and maxillary divisions of trigeminal

Question 19

How do you divide up the areas of the septum supplied by the opthalmic and maxillary divisions?

Answer 19

draw a diagonal line from the sphenoidal sinus to the tip of the nose; above this line is ophthalmic and below is maxillary

Question 20

What is the nerve of the ophthalmic division that supplies somatic sensory to the septum?

Answer 20

anterior ehtmoidal nerve

Question 21

What is the nerve that is a branch of V2 that supplies the septum?

Answer 21

nasopalatine nerve

Question 22

How does the nasopalatine nerve enter the septum?

Answer 22

through the sphenopalatine foramen

Question 23

How does the anterior ehtmoidla nerve enter the septum?

Answer 23

through the anterior ethmoidal foramen

Question 24

What are the 2 arteries that branch from the ECA that supply the face?

Answer 24

maxillary artery and facial artery

Question 25

What is the path of the maxillary artery?

Answer 25

ascends until just below the zygomatic arch then goes deep into the face

Question 26

What is the path of facial artery?

Answer 26

comes up just under the chin and splits into superior and inferior labial arteries which supply above and below the lips

Question 27

What artery derived form the ICA supplies the face?

Answer 27

ophthalmic artery

Question 28

What is the blood supply to the nasal septum?

Answer 28

anterior and posterio ethmoidal arteries; sphenopalatine and greater palatine arteries; lateral and nasal septal branches

Question 29

What are the anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries branches of?

Answer 29

ophthalmic artery

Question 30

What are the sphenopalatine and greater palatine arteries branches of?

Answer 30

maxillary artery

Question 31

What are the lateral nasal and septal arteries branches of?

Answer 31

facial artery (superior labial artery)

Question 32

What is Kiesselbach's (little's) area?

Answer 32

site where anastamosis between all the arteries happens

Question 33

Where is Little's area located?

Answer 33

anteroinferiorly on nasal septum

Question 34

What is foudn above the superior nasal concha?

Answer 34

sphenoethmoidal recess

Question 35

What is found between the sup. and middle nasal conchae?

Answer 35

superior meatus

Question 36

what is found between the middle and inferior nasal concha?

Answer 36

middle meatus

Question 37

What is found beneath the inferior nasal concha?

Answer 37

inferior meatus

Question 38

What is the sensory nerve supply of inferior nasal concha?

Answer 38

V2

Question 39

What are the conchae often referred to?

Answer 39

turbinates

Question 40

What can impact airflow through the nose?

Answer 40

engorgement of the nasal mucosa- changes side every 1-5 hours due to erectile tissue

Question 41

What is the purpose of creating turbulent airflow through the nasal cavity?

Answer 41

increased opportunity for humidifying, warming and filtering

Question 42

What are the paranasal sinsues?

Answer 42

open sapces within bone

Question 43

What are the 4 bilateral pairs of paranasal sinuses?

Answer 43

frontal; ethmoidal air cells; maxillary; sphenoid

Question 44

What type of epithelium lines the sinuses?

Answer 44

respiratory epithelium

Question 45

What lies immediately superior to the sphenoidal sinsu?

Answer 45

pituitary glnad

Question 46

Which of the paranasal sinuses is the largest?

Answer 46

maxillary

Question 47

What sinus drains into the phenoehtmoidal recess?

Answer 47

sphenoid sinus

Question 48

What drains into the superior meatus?

Answer 48

posteiror ethmoidal air cells

Question 49

What are the 2 parts of the middle meatus?

Answer 49

semilunar hiatus and the ehtmoidal bulla

Question 50

What drains into the semilunar hiatus?

Answer 50

frontal sinus; maxillary and anterior ethmoidal air cells

Question 51

what drains into the ethmoidal bulla?

Answer 51

middle ethmoidal air cells

Question 52

what drains into the inferior meatus?

Answer 52

nasalacrimal duct

Question 53

why is the maxillary sinus predisposed to infection?

Answer 53

the ostium of maxillary sinus is located superior in realtion to its cavity so cilia must work against gravity