anatomy and function of the digestive tract

Question 1

what is the function of the digestive tract

Answer 1

transport of foodstuffs
breakdown of foodstuffs
absorption of sugars proteins fats and vitamins, minerals and water
excretion of waters

Question 2

what is absoped in the digestive tract

Answer 2

sugars
proteins
vitamins
minerals
water
fats

Question 3

what is the digestive tract also known as

Answer 3

the GI tract

Question 4

what does GI tract stand for

Answer 4

Gastro intestinal tract

Question 5

what shape is the GI tract

Answer 5

a long muscular tube

Question 6

what substances are emptied into the tract to aid digestion

Answer 6

enzymes
acid
bile

Question 7

what are the major subdivisions of the digestive tract

Answer 7

1. oral cavity, teeth, tongue
2. pharynx
3. oesophagus
4. stomach
5. small intestine SI
6. large intestine LI

Question 8

what does the oral cavity do

Answer 8

mechanical breakdown (tongue and teeth)
chemical breakdown (parotid, sublingual and submandibular salivary gland)
swallowing (salivary duct)

Question 9

what does the pharynx do

Answer 9

muscular propulsion of materials into the oesophagus

Question 10

what does the oesophagus do

Answer 10

smooth muscle contracts to move food bolus towards the stomach

Question 11

what does the stomach do

Answer 11

Chemical digestion (enzyme secretion)
Mechanical digestion (churning and turning the food from solid to liquid)
Acid secretion and antibacterial action

mechanical processing through muscular contractions

Question 12

what does the SI do

Answer 12

enzymatic digestion and absorption of water organic substances vitamins and ions

Question 13

what does the LI do

Answer 13

enzymatic digestion and absorption of water organic substances vitamins and ions

Question 14

what are the accessory organs of the digestive system

Answer 14

salivary glands
liver
gallbladder
pancreas

Question 15

what do salivary glands do

Answer 15

secretion of lubricating fluid which contains enzymes that break down carbohydrates

Question 16

what does the liver do

Answer 16

bile production
detox-alcohol and drugs
albumin production (main protein of blood plasma)
clotting factors
storage of glycogen

Question 17

what does the gallbladder do

Answer 17

storage and secretion of bile
emulsifies fat

Question 18

what are the 3 parts of the stomach

Answer 18

fundus
body of stomach
antrum

Question 19

what is the pylorus
what does the pylorus do

Answer 19

sphincter at the antrum (bottom bit) of stomach
controls outlet of chime in to the SI

Question 20

what are the 2 roles of the secretin cells

Answer 20

act to produce hcl
act to provide the walls of stomach with thick mucus (prevents acid from burning through the stomach and in to the abdomen)

Question 21

what is the ph of stomach acid

what are the 2 uses of stomach acid

Answer 21

1.5-2.5

destruction of any harmful bacteria
acid activate enzymes that provide chemical digestion in the food

Question 21

what is the ph of stomach acid

what are the 2 uses of stomach acid

Answer 21

1.5-2.5

destruction of any harmful bacteria
acid activate enzymes that provide chemical digestion in the food

Question 22

what do the cells that line the rugae secrete in to the stomach

Answer 22

Hcl

Question 23

what does the pancreas do

Answer 23

exocrine cells secrete buffers and digestive enzymes,

endocrine secrete hormones

Question 24

what do exocrine cells release from the pancreas

Answer 24

buffers and digestive enzymes

Question 25

what do endocrine cells release from the pancreas

Answer 25

they secrete hormones

Question 26

what is the order of organs in the tube from proximal to distal

Answer 26

``` oral cavity oesophagus stomach SI LI rectum Anus ```

Question 27

what level does the oesophagus pierce the diaphragm

Answer 27

T10- oesophagus has 10 letters

Question 28

what does the oral cavity do

Answer 28

the mechanical breakdown of food | chemical breakdown of food- parotid gland

Question 29

which muscle allows us to keep food on our teeth surface

Answer 29

Buccinator

Question 30

which is the largest salivary gland

Answer 30

parotid

Question 31

which clues can we see of GI tract/ systemic diseases in the mouth

Answer 31

``` oral thrush decay ulceration discolouration of teeth softened teeth/erosion abscesses ```

Question 32

describe the oesophagus

Answer 32

muscular tube which connects the mouth to the stomach

Question 33

what does the oesophagus consist of

Answer 33

smooth muscle

Question 34

which organ connects the oral cavity to the oesophagus

Answer 34

pharynx

Question 35

how does the bolus of food move down the oesophagus

Answer 35

by waves of contractions of the smooth muscle in the oesophagus

Question 36

what shape is the stomach

Answer 36

J shaped bag

Question 37

what does the stomach connect

Answer 37

the oesophagus to the SI

Question 38

what does the inner surface of the stomach have

Answer 38

small folds called rugae

Question 39

why do we need rugae

Answer 39

increase SA | allows the stomach to expand

Question 40

what are the functions of the stomach

Answer 40

mechanical digestion from solid to liquid chemical digestion acid secretion and antibacterial action

Question 41

what is the anatomy of the SI

Answer 41

duodenum proximal jujunum ileum

Question 42

what does the ileum connect

Answer 42

the SI to the LI

Question 43

what is the function of SI

Answer 43

nutrient absorption

Question 44

what the the SI attached to the posterior abdominal wall by

Answer 44

a mesentery

Question 45

what does the mesentery contain

Answer 45

a lot of blood vessels

Question 46

why is a lot of blood vessels important in the SI

Answer 46

FOR ABSOPRITON of nutrients

Question 47

describe the duodenum

Answer 47

first part of the intestine receives secretions from the pancreas as well as bile from the gallbladder to aid digestion

Question 48

what is special about the jejunum and the ileum

Answer 48

the fact that the inner surface is highly folded to increase SA

Question 49

WHAT ARE THE PARTS of the LI

Answer 49

``` the cecum ascending colon transverse colon descending colon sigmoid colon ```

Question 50

where does the ileum connect to

Answer 50

the ileum connects to the cecum of the LI

Question 51

what is the function of the LI

Answer 51

water absroption production of faecal matter secretion of mucus

Question 52

what is the pancreas

Answer 52

accessory organ of digestion

Question 53

what re the four sections of the pancreas

Answer 53

head neck body tail

Question 54

what is the function of the pancreas

Answer 54

Secretes enzymes into the duodenum for protein digestion (exocrine) Secretes hormones including insulin and glucagon for blood sugar control (endocrine)

Question 55

what is the exocrine function of the pancreas

Answer 55

Secretes enzymes into the duodenum for protein digestion (exocrine)

Question 56

what is the endocrine function of the pancreas

Answer 56

Secretes hormones including insulin and glucagon for blood sugar control (endocrine)

Question 57

what are the four anatomical lobes of the liver

Answer 57

right 1 left 2 quadrate 3 caudate 4

Question 58

what are the functions of the liver

Answer 58

``` Bile production Detox – drugs, alcohol Albumin production (main protein of blood plasma) Clotting factors Storage of glycogen ```

Question 59

describe the gallbladder

Answer 59

Stores and secretes bile in to the duodenum | Emulsifies fat

Question 60

what components are included in the portal triad which pass into the liver

Answer 60

Bile Duct out of the liver Hepatic Artery Proper into the liver Hepatic Portal Vein into the liver

Question 61

what is the peritoneum

Answer 61

membranes of the abdomino-pelvic cavity

Question 62

which duct passes out from the gallbladder

Answer 62

the cystic duct | passes through the pancreas

Question 63

how does bile pass to the liver and the duodenum

Answer 63

the common duct

Question 64

what duct lies in the pancreas

Answer 64

pancreatic duct

Question 65

where does the hepatic portal vein collect blood from

Answer 65

the GI tract-

Question 66

why does the hepatic portal vein carry blood into the liver

Answer 66

to be cleaned

Question 67

where do we find the portal triad

Answer 67

in the free edge near the lesser omentum-

Question 68

what connects the liver to the duodenum

Answer 68

the hepatoduodenal ligament

Question 69

what connects the liver to the stomach

Answer 69

hepatogastric ligament

Question 70

what is the lesser omentum made up of

Answer 70

the hepatogastic ligament | and the hepaduodenal ligament

Question 71

what is the peritoneum made up of

Answer 71

visceral-covers the external surfaces of most digestive organs parietal- lines the inner body walls

Question 72

what does visceral peritoneum cover

Answer 72

the external surfaces of most digestive organs | SHINY

Question 73

what does the parietal peritoneum cover

Answer 73

lines the inner body walls

Question 74

what is the peritoneal cavity

Answer 74

the potential space between the visceral and parietal peritoneum

Question 75

what is found in the peritoneal cavity

Answer 75

fluid which helps with lubrication

Question 76

what forms the mesentery

Answer 76

two layers of visceral peritoneum

Question 77

when is the organ considered as intraperitoneal

Answer 77

Organs that have visceral peritoneum all the way round Have a mesentry and parietal peritoneum

Question 78

when is the organ considered as retroperitoneal

Answer 78

Visceral peritoneum only runs over anterior side of organ, anchoring it to the posterior abdominal wall

Question 79

what is the greater omentum

Answer 79

hangs from the greater curvature of the stomach, covering the GI tract and providing protection. It is a large fold of visceral peritoneum.

Question 80

what is the lesser omentum

Answer 80

Connected from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach

Question 81

how is the omentum different to the mesentery

Answer 81

the omentum is a double layer of parietal peritoneum rather than visceral peritoneum

Question 82

what is the junction between the small and large intestine called

Answer 82

ileocolic junction