Anatomy and PE of the Lower Extremities Lecture Powerpoint Flashcards Preview

3rd Semester Final > Anatomy and PE of the Lower Extremities Lecture Powerpoint > Flashcards

Flashcards in Anatomy and PE of the Lower Extremities Lecture Powerpoint Deck (35)
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1
Q

Labrum

A

Thick cartilagenous ring inside the hip joint attached specifically to the socket where the head of the femur will sit in

2
Q

Age dependent pathologies in the hip assessment (infants, boys 3-12, elderly females)

A

Infants - congenital dysplasia
Boys 3-12 - legg calve perthes
Elderly females - femoral neck fx

3
Q

Trendelenberg gait is characteristic of what muscle weakness?

A

Gluteus medius

4
Q

What does patrick’s faber test test for?

A

SI joint dysfunction

5
Q

Trendelenberg sign

A

Have patient stand on one leg, will see the hip opposite the leg stationary on the ground drop despite leg being held in air if positive indicative of gluteus medius weakness

6
Q

Thomas test

A

Test for hip flexor muscle contracture by having patient bring one knee to chest and hold it, if other thigh begins to raise off table then indicative of hip flexor contracture, or if opposite knee extends rectus femoris contracture

7
Q

90-90 contracture test

A

Test for hamstring tightness/contracture, patient supine, knees bent, flex hip to 90 degrees then extend knee, should be able to extend leg out to 90 degrees or 70ish in males

8
Q

Hip scouring test

A

Test for labral tear, compress at patella toward the acetabolum then rotate internally and externally the hip and grind it to listen for clicks or pops or pain

9
Q

Noble compression test

A

Detects IT band syndrome, while patient is on side apply pressure to distal IT band while patient flexes/extends knee

10
Q

Ortolani’s and Barlow’s test

A

Pediatric test involving flexing and externally rotating hips and listening for click with subsequent increase in abduction ROM, bilaterally in ortolani’s and unilateral in barlow

11
Q

Congenital hip dysplasia

A

Abnormal formation of hip joint either unilateral or bilateral where femoral head is not stable in the acetabulum, breech births and females highest risk!!!

12
Q

Leg calf perthes disease

A

Avascular necrosis seen most often in 3-12 year olds boys with insidious onset of intermittent pain, limping gait, anterior groin pain and anterior thigh pain

13
Q

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis

A

Epiphyseal plate of the head of the femur slips inferior and posterior before it fuses, most common in boys between 10-15, see limping gait, pain can be referred to the knee, limited internal rotation especially when hip is flexed and abducted, and toe out gait, associated with childhood obesity

14
Q

Piriformis syndrome

A

Appears to mimick a disc herniation problem as the sciatic nerve can travel thru the deep hip muscle of the piriformis and if hypertrophied due to extended periods of sitting can experience pain located deep in the buttocks that sometimes radiates down the leg (sciatica)

15
Q

MCL is typically injured by a ___ directed force, LCL by ___

A

valgus, varus

16
Q

3 components of the pes anserine

A

Sartorius
Gracillis
Semitendinosous

17
Q

Gerdy’s tubercle

A

Attachment site on the proximal lateral tibia where the IT band attaches

18
Q

Lachman’s test

A

Best sensitive and specific test of ACL injury, patient supine with approx 30 degree flexion, anterior force applied to the tibia testing for laxity

19
Q

Anterior/posterior drawer test

A

Patient supine with knees flexed to 90 degrees, either anterior or posterior force to proximal tibia applied, not nearly as specific or sensitive teset for ACL or PCL injury (anterior and posterior respectively)

20
Q

Posterior sag test

A

Patient supine with knees flexed to 90 degrees, will see tibia sag posteriorally, indicative of PCL injury

21
Q

Thessaly test

A

Best test for meniscal tear, Patient stands single leg stance, bends knees to 40 degrees, then rotates at trunk for clicking and locking

22
Q

Mcmurray’s test

A

Not as good test for meniscal tear, patient supine, slightly flex knee and rotate it, positive will see clicking locking and discomfort

23
Q

Ligamentous injury (sprain) of the knee often presents with feelings of ___

A

Instability

24
Q

Osgood schlatter disease

A

Pulling away of the tibial tuberosity in children undergoing rapid growth spurt causing patellar ligament tendonitis

25
Q

Most common sprained ligament in body

A

Anterior talofibular ligament (rolling your ankle!)

26
Q

Pes planus

A

flat foot, no arch

27
Q

Pes cavus

A

High arch foot

28
Q

Hallux valgus

A

Bunion, bony prominance of the base of the big toe projecting medial causing pain and stiffness can be caused by shoes, stress, or arthritis

29
Q

Anterior drawer test of the ankle

A

Patient supine, bottom hand cusps calcaneous and top hand stabilizes leg, lift leg straight up and see if there is pain or laxity indicative of anterior talofibular ligament sprain

30
Q

Talar tilt test

A

Inversion and eversion of the foot with inversion testing for calcaneofibular ligament sprain and eversion testing for deltoid ligament sprain

31
Q

Kleiger’s test

A

Indicates tibiofibular sprain (high ankle sprain) by bringing foot up and externally rotate foot by the big toe, positive causes pain in the high ankle

32
Q

Homans sign

A

Patients foot is passively dorsiflexed while held in the air and the central calf is palpated, if elicits pain indicative of DVT, may dislodge it tho???

33
Q

Ottawa ankle rules

A

Rules to determine if a patient needs an ankle x ray, based on if there is presence of pain in the following locations

  • posterior edge or tip of lateral malleolus
  • base of fifth metatarsal
  • navicular
  • posterior edge or tip of lateral malleolus
  • inability to bear weight immediately
34
Q

Thompson test

A

Squeeze calf and patients foot should extend indicating integrity of the achilles tendon

35
Q

Tarsal tunnel syndrome

A

Pain/numbness along planter/medial aspect of foot with tenderness over the tibial nerve

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