Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

FINAL FINAL > Anatomy and Physiology 2 (Complete) > Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology 2 (Complete) Flashcards

(69 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the Myocardium?

A

The muscular middle layer of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the Endocardium?

A

The inner layer of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the difference between systemic and pulmonary circulation?

A 
Systemic = Whole body 
Pulmonary = Heart to lungs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many valves does the heart have?

A

4 valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do the Mitral valve and the tricuspid valve control?

A

Blood flow from the atria to the ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The aortic valve and the pulmonary valve control what?

A

Blood flow out of the ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is it called when the heart valves become faulty?

A

A heart murmur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the Sinatrial node also known as?

A

The hearts natural pacemaker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the SA node do?

A

Send electrical signals from the atrium, causing it to contract and pump blood into the ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is it called when the heart’s signal is too slow or to fast, causing the heart to not beat properly?

A

An Arrhythmia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What test helps determine if there is a problem with the hearts electrical system?

A

ECG or EKG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a cardiac pulse also known as?

A

The heart rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does SV stand for, in terms of the heart?

A

Stroke volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is stroke volume?

A

The volume of blood pumped from the left ventricle per beat.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does CO stand for, in terms of the heart?

A

Cardiac Output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is cardiac output?

A

Amount of blood the heart pumps from each ventricle per minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the pathway of air through the respiratory system?

A

Nostrils –> Nasal cavities –> Pharynx –> Epiglottis –> Larynx –> Bronchi –> Bronchioles –> Alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How many aveoli are there approximately in two adult lungs?

A

300 Million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

In the respiratory system, where does gas exchange take place?

A

The alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the throat also known as?

A

The pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the voice box also known as?

A

The larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the windpipe also known as?

A

The trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What filters air in the trachea?

A

Cilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What structure divides the body cavity?

A

The diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are the two halves of the body cavity called?
Abdominal cavity | Thoracic cavity
26
What is in the abdominal cavity?
The viscera (stomach and intestines)
27
What is within the thoracic cavity?
The heart and the lungs
28
The inner surface of the thoracic cavity and the outer surface of the lungs?
Pleural membranes
29
What is the vital capacity of the lungs?
The amount of air that leaves the lungs in one breath - about 4L
30
What is the residual air of the lungs?
The air left in the lungs after maximim expiration - usuall about 1200mL
31
What is asthma?
Severe allergic reaction characterized by the constriction of bronchioles.
32
What is Pneumonia?
Infectious condition in which the alveoli become filled with fluid, preventing gas exchange
33
What is tuberculosis?
A contagious bacterial infection
34
What are the two diseases associated with COPD?
Emphysema and Chronic Bronchitis
35
What does COPD stand for?
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseae
36
What is Emphysema?
A condition in which the alveoli deteriorate, causing the lungs to lose their elasticity
37
What is Chronic Bronchitis?
Inflammation if the lining of the bronchioles
38
What is cystic fibrosis?
Oversecretion of thick mucus clogs the respiratory system
39
What are the two ain components of saliva?
Salivary amylase and mucous secretion
40
When food is digested in the stomach, it becomes...?
Chyme
41
What is salivary amylase?
A chemical enzyme which begins chemical digestion
42
What is peristalisis?
Wave like contraction of the muscle layer of the digestive tract that moves food.
43
What is the direction of food through the digestive system?
Mouth --> pharynx --> esophagus --> stomach --> small intestine --> large intestine
44
What are the parts of the small intestine?
Doudenum, Jejunum, Ileum,
45
What are the parts of the large intestine?
Cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal
46
What is the main hormone of the stomach?
Gastrin
47
What are the 5 functions of the stomach?
``` Temporary food storage Control the rate at which food enters the doudenum Acid secretion and antibacterial action Fluidisation of stomach contents Preliminary digestion with pepsin ```
48
In what section of the small intestines does most chemical absorption?
Doudenum
49
The main enzymes of the pancreas are:
Lipases for fat Peptidases for protein Amylases for carbohydrates
50
What are the four parts of the pancreas?
Head Neck Body Tail
51
What are the functions of the large intestine? (3)
Absorption of sodium and water Incubation of bacteria Elimination of wastes
52
What are some functions of the liver?
Production and secretion of bile Helps maintain homeostasis Converts glucose to glycogen Detoxifies alcohol
53
How much bile does the liver excrete each day?
500-1000mL
54
What is the formal name for sperm cells?
Spermatoza
55
What accessory glands provide secretions for sperm?
Seminal vesicles prostate gland bulbourethral glands
56
What are the two main functions of the ovaries?
The production of specialized hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone Ovulation
57
How long is the average menstrual cycle?
28 days
58
What are days 1-4 of the menstrual cycle called?
The menstrual cycle
59
What are days 5-13 of the menstrual cycle called?
Follicular phase / Proliferative phase
60
What is day 14 of the menstrual cycle called?
Ovulation
61
What is day 15-26 of the menstrual cycle called?
Luteal phase / secretory phase
62
What is days 27-28 of the menstrual cycle called?
Ischemic phase
63
What is Eumenorrhea?
A normal. regular menstruation.
64
What two sex hormones play a role in the control of the menstrual cycle?
Estradiol and progesterone
65
What is hypermenorrhea?
Sudden heavy flows during menstruation
66
What is hypermenorrhea?
Bleeding very little during the period
67
What is metrorrhagia?
Prolonged bleeding during the period
68
What is Amenorrhea?
Prolonged absence of the period during reproductive years.
69
What are the two main versions of the pill?
Monophasic | Triphasic

FINAL FINAL (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions