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Compounding (Complete) Flashcards

1
Q

What is compounding?

A

To mix or combine two or more ingredients

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2
Q

What is are extemporaneous compounds?

A

Compounds that are needed on demand

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3
Q

What are bulk compounds?

A

Compounds that are prepared in large quantities in advance for future use.

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4
Q

What standards must be followed for non-sterile compounding?

A

USP 795

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5
Q

What standards must be followed for sterile compounding?

A

USP 797

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6
Q

What does QA stand for?

A

Quality Assurance

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7
Q

What is Quality Assurance?

A

A program of activities used to ensure that the procedures used in the preparation of compounded products lead to products that meet certain standards.

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8
Q

What does QC stand for?

A

Quality Control

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9
Q

What is Quality Control?

A

A set of testing activities used to determine the quality of compounded products.

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10
Q

What are the three main vehicles used in solutions?

A

Aqueous, alcoholic, hydro-alcoholic

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11
Q

What is a syrup?

A

A sugar based solution that has medication dissolved in them, which helps improve the taste of the drug.

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12
Q

What are elixirs?

A

They contain dissolved medication in a hydro-alcoholic base that has been sweetened.

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13
Q

What auxiliary label must suspensions always have?

A

Shake well

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14
Q

What is a suspension?

A

A liquid that has very small, solid particles suspended in the vehicle.

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15
Q

What are the non-soluble particles in a suspension referred to as?

A

suspensoids

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16
Q

What is an emulsion?

A

A mixture of water and oil that should be binded together with an emulsifier.

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17
Q

What is used to bind the water and oil of an emulsion together?

A

Emulsifier - agent that binds oil and water, and holds them together.

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18
Q

What are the two types of emulsions?

A 
w/o = Water in a oil base 
o/w = Oil in a water base
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19
Q

What are the two kinds of enemas?

A

Retention enema

Evacuation enema

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20
Q

What is the larger half of a capsule called? The smaller half?

A

The larger is the body, and the smaller is the cap

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21
Q

How are capsules sized?

A

000 are the largest, and those numbered 5 are the smallest

000 - 00 - 0 - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5

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22
Q

What is a spasule?

A

A capsule that can be pulled apart to sprinkle that contents into food for children

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23
Q

What does API stand for?

A

Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient

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24
Q

What are multiple compression tablets?

A

They are either tablets on top of tablets or tablets within tablets

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25
What is content uniformity?
To have the same amounts of ingredients in each tablet
26
What are enteric coated tablets?
Helps protect the drug through the acidic environment of the stomach until it reaches the intestine
27
What does EC stand for in terms of tablet coating?
Enteric Coated
28
Why are tablets sugar coated?
Improve the taste and flavor, and cover unpleasant odors
29
What are the main advantages of using tablets?
Cheap, convenient, no measuring, and safe.
30
What are buccal lozenges?
To be put in between the cheek pouch and the gums and let dissolve
31
What are medicated sticks used for?
Topical application of topical anesthetics, sunscreen, antivirals and antibiotics
32
What are the three types of medicated sticks?
Hard sticks Soft opaque sticks soft clear sticks
33
What are the three main functions of semi solid dosage forms?
Protect an injured area Hydrate skin Treat or medicate locally or systemically
34
What is the main use of pastes?
A protective barrier
35
Whats the difference between pastes and ointments?
Pastes are more solid and stiff
36
What is a positive about creams?
No heavy, oily residue
37
Whats the difference between lotions and creams?
Lotions are thinner than creams because the base has more water
38
What are liniments?
Extracts of a plant added to alcohol or vinegar and applied topically - usually for muscle aches and pains
39
What is a collodion?
Clear, highly flammable, syrupy liquid compounded of pyroxylin, ether, and alcohol which dries to a film to close small wounds
40
Explain how to take a reading from a graduated cylinder?
Eye level - take the reading from the bottom of the meniscus
41
State examples of a solution classified by a vehicle
-Alcohol based Syrups Aromatic waters Elixirs (sugar, water, alcohol)
42
What auxiliary label is always attached to suspensions?
Shake well before use
43
Give an example of a suspension - include both names, indication, and classification
Amoxil - amoxicillin - Bacterial Infections - Penicillin Antibiotic
44
What is a emulsifier?
Used in emulsions | Used to mix 2 things that do not mix.
45
What are some commonly used emulsifiers?
gelatin acacia alcohol aluminum hydroxide
46
What is a mortar? What is a pestle?
A mortar is the cup shaped object used to hold the object, and the pestle is the stick used to grind and crush
47
What can mortar and pestles be made out of? What is most common and why?
Glass, wedgwood, porcelain. Glass is most common because it does not stain because it wont absorb
48
What is the definition of a retention enema and an evacuation enema?
``` Evacuation = Meant to get what is there, out. ASAP Retention = Remain in the rectum longer to lubricate ```
49
What are some qualities of a well made suspension?
``` Drug stability Settle slowly Re-dispersed by shaking Easy to pour and swallow Mask unpleasant taste ```
50
Other than an ointment slab, what can you use to prepare a compound?
A glass mortar and pestle
51
State an example of a solution classified by its contents
Elixir - alcohol, sugar and water.
52
What are suspancoids?
Particles in a suspension, suspended in a vehicle, dont dissolve.
53
What does immiscible? What does this term mainly apply to and why
Unmixable | Emulsions, because its mixing water and oil
54
What are the two kinds of balances, and describe the difference
``` Torsion = Weighs small amounts Counter = weighs up to 5kg, your regular electronic counter weigh scale. ```
55
How can you measure more viscous liquids?
Pour directly into the middle of the graduated cylinder, or use a syringe.
56
What are aromatic waters?
Clear, saturated aqueous solutions of oil usually
57
What happens to suspensions once you add water? In regards to its expiration dates.
Shortens the time till it expires. Usually shortens to 14 days.
58
What are the three different types of spatulas?
Plastic - scoop, commonly for creams Rubber - scrape / cleaning Stainless steel - for powder and compounding
59
What is a solute? What is a solvent?
Solute - the active ingredient | Solvent - liquid vehicle that dissolves the solute
60
Why is sugar added to a solution?
Change taste Mask bitterness or bad smell Easier for children to consume Thickens it up
61
What happens if you touch scales with your bare hands?
Residue from your hands becomes stuck to the scale and changes the weight
62
What is glassine paper?
Resistant to grease
63
What is titration?
The process of reducing solids into fine particles by grinding or rubbing them in with a mortar and pestle
64
What are some advantages of liquid oral dosage forms?
For people that cant swallow pills Older people and children Different tastes Easy to adjust dosage
65
What are some disadvantages to liquid oral dosage forms?
Storage, Has to be kept in fridge, not portable, more expensive than tablets.
66
What are some advantages to solid oral dosage forms?
Cheap, easy to make and carry, longer expiry dates.
67
What are some disadvantages of solid oral dosage forms?
Can be hard to swallow, cant adjust the dosage as easily.
68
What is the main difference between suspensions and emulsions?
There is no oil in suspensions
69
What are the differences between syrups and elixirs?
Elixirs have alcohol, syrups are more sugar based so they are thicker
70
What are the two parts of the capsule called?
The cap and the body
71
What sizes do capsules come in?
000, 00, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (Largest to smallest)
72
What is the difference between a tablet and a pill?
Tablets are compressed powder, a pill is made from puddy
73
What does EC stand for in terms of solid dosage? What does it mean?
Enteric Coated - PProtects tablet from stomach acid
74
What does FCT stand for in terms of solid dosage? What does it mean?
Film Coated Tablet - masks the taste and makes it go down smoother if it is not powdery
75
What does LA stand for in terms of solid dosage?
Long Acting
76
What does XL stand for in terms of solid dosage?
Extra Long
77
What does SR mean in terms of solid dosage?
Sustained Release
78
What does CD mean in terms of solid dosage?
Controlled diffusion
79
What does spansule mean in terms of solid dosage?
Little beads of medication within a capsule - can be opened and beads can be sprinkled in food / applesauce.
80
What does MCT mean in terms of solid dosage?
Multiple Compression Tablet - combines incompatible substances. Tablet on tablet or tablet IN tablet.
81
What is an example of a MCT?
Adalat XL
82
What does eutectic mean? Give an example.
When two solids are mixed together and it makes a liquid. | Camphor and Menthol
83
Describe cream
water based, hydrophilic, not oily
84
Describe lotion
Water based, thinner than cream
85
Describe iontment
Oil based, hydrophobic
86
Describe paste
Liquid and powder mixed, thick and dry. Used as a protective barrier
87
What is collodion?
A liquid bandaid, flammable when wet
88
What are the three coatings used for tablets?
Film coating Sugar coating Enteric coating

FINAL FINAL (10 decks)

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