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Cardiovascular System Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

Functions of the CVS

A

Carries oxygen, nutrients, cell waste, and hormones.
It uses blood as the transport vehicle.

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2
Q

Loss of blood in an organ is?

A

Ischemia

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3
Q

Define the heart

A

Hollow and cone-shaped

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4
Q

What is the size of the heart?

A

Approximately the fist, (250-350g)

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5
Q

Where is the base of the heart?

A

Around 5th intercostal space

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6
Q

Where is the apex?

A

around 5th intercostal space

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7
Q

Where is the base?

A

beneath the 2nd rib

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8
Q

The heart is enclosed by a double walled sac called the

A

Pericardium

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9
Q

2 parts of the pericardium

A

Fibrous pericardium
Serious Pericardium

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10
Q

2 parts of the SEROUS PERICARDIUM

A

Parietal Layer
Visceral Layer (Epicardium)

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11
Q

3 layers of the wall of the heart

A

Epicardium (Visceral layer)
Myocardium
Endocardium

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12
Q

Outermost layer of the walls of the heart

A

Epicardium

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13
Q

Thick bundles of cardiac muscle twisted and whorled into ringlike arrangements.

A

Myocardium

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14
Q

Thin, glistening sheath of endothelium that lines the heart chambers.

A

Endocardium

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15
Q

Infection in the endocardium

A

Endocarditis

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16
Q

What are the chambers of the heart?

A

2 Atria
2 ventricles

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17
Q

What does the atria do?

A

it is the receiving chamber

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18
Q

What do the ventricles do?

A

it is the discharging chamber.

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19
Q

Pumps oxygen-rich blood and is the strongest?

A

Left ventricle

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20
Q

What are the heart valves?

A

Atrioventricular valves
Semilunar Valves

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21
Q

Between the atrial and ventricular chambers?

A

Atrioventricular valves

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22
Q

Guards the bases of the two large arteries leaving the ventricular chambers.

A

Semilunar Valves

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23
Q

2 kinds of atrioventricular valves

A

Tricuspid valve
Mitral (bicuspid) valve

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24
Q

2 kinds of semilunar valves

A

Pulmonary Valve
Aortic valve

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25
Give a brief summary of the movement of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart.
SVC and PVC pump blood from the UE and LE, then the blood is transferred to the right atrium to the tricuspid valve, then to the right ventricle. The blood then enters the pulmonary valve to the pulmonary artery, where it will go to the lungs for oxygenation and travel to the pulmonary vein to the left atrium, to then the bicuspid valve, then the left ventricle, then to the aortic valve then finally the aorta.
26
It holds the atrioventricular valves and the left and right ventricles.
Heartstrings (chordae tendinae)
27
What is the systolic?
Ventricular Contraction (120)
28
What is the diastolic?
Ventricular relaxation (80)
29
This is the rhythm of the heart.
Intrinsic Conduction System
30
What are the parts of the ICS?
Sinoatrial (SA) Node Atrioventricular (AV) Node Bundle of His Left and right bundle branches Purkinje Fibers
31
Primary Pacemaker
Sinoatrial Node
32
What is the rate of the SA node?
60/100 bpm
33
it delays the electrical impulse and can be found at the junction of the atria and ventricles
Atrioventricular node
34
What is the rate of the AV node?
40/60 bpm
35
sends signals to RL ventricles
Right and left bundle branches
36
Biggest pacemaker. It pushes blood to the lungs to the rest of the body.
Purkinje Fibers
37
Another name for Irregular heartbeat
Heart block or cardiac arrhythmia
38
One complete heartbeat
Cardiac cycle
39
Low heart rate is called
Bradycardia
40
High heart rate is called
Tachycardia
41
How long does a cardiac cycle take, and what is the regular heartbeat?
0.8s and 75bpm
42
Name the three cardiac cycles
Mid to late diastole Ventricular Systole Early Diastole
43
This is the heart in complete relaxation, and the heart pressure is low. AV valves are open and SV are closed
Mid to late diastole
44
2 parts of the mid- to late diastole
ventricular filling atrial contraction
45
How long does the mid- to late diastole occur?
0.1s
46
Pressure in the ventricles increases rapidly. AV closes and SL opens
Ventricular systole.
47
2 parts of the ventricular systole
isovolumetric contraction phase ventricular ejection phase
48
How long does the ventricular systole occur?
0.2s
49
This is where the heart relaxes back, the AV valves start to open, and the SL closes.
Early Diastole
50
How long does the Early diastole occur?
0.4s
51
Name the different heart sounds
LUB (s1) DUB (s2) Ventricular Gallop (s3) s4
52
first heart sound, is lower and longer
LUB
53
second heart sound, higher and shorted
DUB
54
This is the sound for the closing of the AV
LUB
55
This is the sound for the closing of the SL
DUB
56
LUB DUB TA
Ventricular Gallop
57
TA LUB DUB
s4
58
Amount of blood pumped out by the heart in 1 min
Cardiac Output
59
Amount of blood pumped in each heartbeat
Stroke Volume
60
How to calculate Cardiac output?
HR x SV
61
What is the normal adult blood volume?
6L
62
Where does the blood circulate?
Inside the blood vessels
63
A closed transport system is called
Vascular System
64
What is the wall of the blood vessel called?
Tunics
65
Name the three tunics
Tunica Intima Tunica Media Tunica Externa
66
Smooth tunica
Tunica Intima
67
Bulky middle layer tunica, it is also for vasoconstriction and vessel elasticity
Tunica Media
68
Protects the blood vessels from overexpansion and fracture.
Tunica Externa
69
It has a narrow lumen and is high in pressure. it is also close to the pumping action of the heart
Artery
70
it is the largest artery of the body
Aorta
71
Oxygen-poor, darker red blood. it is far from the heart and carries blood back to the heart
Veins
72
Deoxygenated, thin, and also narrow, but not elastic. It is the smallest blood vessel with no muscular or elastic tissue.
Capillaries
73
This is the alternating expansion and recoil of an artery
Arterial Pulse
74
The pressure the blood exerts against the inner walls of a blood vessel and the force that keeps blood circulating continuously even between heartbeats.
Blood pressure
75
Normal blood pressure
120/80

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