Anatomy And Pysiology Of A The Throat Flashcards

(35 cards)

1
Q

What are the 3 anatomical subsites on the throat?

A

Oral cavity/ mouth
Pharynx
-nasopharynx
-oropharynx
-Hyopharyn
Larynx
-supraglottis
-glottis
-subglottis

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2
Q

What structure are present in the oral cavity?

A

Everything anterior to tonsils and soft palate
Includes whole tongue except tongue base
Contains teeth, tongue and salivary glands

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3
Q

what is the function of the mouth?

A

Mastication
First phase of swallow
Taste
Transform sound generated by larynx into discernible words

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4
Q

What makes up the superior border of the mouth?

A

Hard palate

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5
Q

What makes up inferior boundary?

A

Floor of mouth under the tongue

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6
Q

What do the muscles of mastication do?

A

Move the jaw

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7
Q

What are the primary muscles of mastication?

A

Temporalis
Masseter
Medial pterygoid
Lateral pterygoid

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8
Q

What are muscles of mastication innervated by?

A

Innervated by Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve

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9
Q

What are the innervations of the tongue? (Broadly speaking)

A

Motor
Sensory
Special sense

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10
Q

What is the tongue divided into?

A

Anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3

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11
Q

What innervates the anterior 2/3?

A

Linguine nerve- branch of trigeminal nerve

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12
Q

What innervates the posterior 1/3?

A

General and special sensory provided by glossopharyngeal nerve

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13
Q

How are the muscles of the tongue divided?

A

Intrinsic and extrinsic

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14
Q

What do the intrinsic muscles do?

A

Alter the shape of the tongue

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15
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

Superior ;longitudinal
Inferior longitudinal
Transverse
Vertical

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16
Q

What do the extrinsic muscles of the tongue do?

A

Alter the position of the tongue

17
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

Genioglossus
Hypoglossus
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus muscle

18
Q

What are the boundaries of the floor of the mouth?

A

Superiorly - oral mucosal space
Inferiorly - myohyloid muscle
Anteriorly - Mandibular gingiva
Posteriorly - anterior tonsillar pillars

19
Q

Where does the parotid duct open into?

A

Into baccalaureate; mucosa opposite under 2nd molar

20
Q

What does the nasopharynx do?

A

Divert air from nose into larynx

21
Q

What does the soft palate and uvula do?

A

Prevent regurgitation of food into the nasopharynx on swallowing by closing against the posterior pharyngeal wall

22
Q

How do oropharynx and hypopharynx contribute to normal swallowing?

A

Allows passage of air and food
Epiglottis closes airway during swallowing
Resonating chamber during phonation
Hypopharynx leads to oesophagus
Sensation via glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves
Pharyngeal constrictor muscles
-superior, muddle and inferior
-motor supply by vagus nerve

23
Q

Which vertebrae does larynx run to and from

24
Q

What cartilages in larynx made up of?

A

Epiglottis
Thyroid
Cricoid
Artenoid
Corniculate
Cuneiform

25
What are t e function of the larynx?
Flow of air between trachea and mouth -movements of vocal cords produce voice and alter pitch and volume Protect the airways from aspiration -epiglottis closure - food directed to hypopharynx -cough reflex
26
What supplies motor innervation to all muscles of the larynx
Recurrent laryngeal nerve -except for cricothyroid muscle = superior laryngeal nerve
27
What supplies sensory innervation to larynx?
Vagus nerve -above vocal cords (glottis and supraglottis)= superior laryngeal nerve -below vocal cords (subglottis) = recurrent laryngeal branch
28
What are the muscles of the larynx?
Cricothyroid Posterior cricoarytenoid Lateral cricarytenoid Transverse arytenoid Oblique arytenoid Thyroarytenoid
29
What does the cricothyroid muscle do?
Lengthen and tense the vocal cords
30
What does the posterior cricoaryntenoid muscle do?
Abduct and externally rotate the arytenoid cartilages, resulting in abducted vocal cords
31
What do lateral cricoarytenoid muscles do?
Adduct and internally rotate the arytenoid cartilages, increase medial compression
32
What does transverse arytenoid muscles do?
Addicts the arytenoid cartilages, resulting in addicted vocal cords
33
What do oblique arytenoid muscles do?
Narrow the laryngeal inlet by constricting the distance between the arytenoid cartilages
34
What do thyroarentenoid muscles do?
Narrow the laryngeal inlet, shortening the vocal cords, lowering voice pitch
35
What are the principles of voice production
Air flow to the larynx Vibration/ mucosal wave Resonance in the upper aero digestive tract and unse of the pharynx, mouth, tongue and lips to manipulate the sound produced by the larynx into words and sounds