Anatomy And Pysiology Of A The Throat

Question 1

What are the 3 anatomical subsites on the throat?

Answer 1

Oral cavity/ mouth
Pharynx
-nasopharynx
-oropharynx
-Hyopharyn
Larynx
-supraglottis
-glottis
-subglottis

Question 2

What structure are present in the oral cavity?

Answer 2

Everything anterior to tonsils and soft palate
Includes whole tongue except tongue base
Contains teeth, tongue and salivary glands

Question 3

what is the function of the mouth?

Answer 3

Mastication
First phase of swallow
Taste
Transform sound generated by larynx into discernible words

Question 4

What makes up the superior border of the mouth?

Answer 4

Hard palate

Question 5

What makes up inferior boundary?

Answer 5

Floor of mouth under the tongue

Question 6

What do the muscles of mastication do?

Answer 6

Move the jaw

Question 7

What are the primary muscles of mastication?

Answer 7

Temporalis
Masseter
Medial pterygoid
Lateral pterygoid

Question 8

What are muscles of mastication innervated by?

Answer 8

Innervated by Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve

Question 9

What are the innervations of the tongue? (Broadly speaking)

Answer 9

Motor
Sensory
Special sense

Question 10

What is the tongue divided into?

Answer 10

Anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3

Question 11

What innervates the anterior 2/3?

Answer 11

Linguine nerve- branch of trigeminal nerve

Question 12

What innervates the posterior 1/3?

Answer 12

General and special sensory provided by glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 13

How are the muscles of the tongue divided?

Answer 13

Intrinsic and extrinsic

Question 14

What do the intrinsic muscles do?

Answer 14

Alter the shape of the tongue

Question 15

What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue

Answer 15

Superior ;longitudinal
Inferior longitudinal
Transverse
Vertical

Question 16

What do the extrinsic muscles of the tongue do?

Answer 16

Alter the position of the tongue

Question 17

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue

Answer 17

Genioglossus
Hypoglossus
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus muscle

Question 18

What are the boundaries of the floor of the mouth?

Answer 18

Superiorly - oral mucosal space
Inferiorly - myohyloid muscle
Anteriorly - Mandibular gingiva
Posteriorly - anterior tonsillar pillars

Question 19

Where does the parotid duct open into?

Answer 19

Into baccalaureate; mucosa opposite under 2nd molar

Question 20

What does the nasopharynx do?

Answer 20

Divert air from nose into larynx

Question 21

What does the soft palate and uvula do?

Answer 21

Prevent regurgitation of food into the nasopharynx on swallowing by closing against the posterior pharyngeal wall

Question 22

How do oropharynx and hypopharynx contribute to normal swallowing?

Answer 22

Allows passage of air and food
Epiglottis closes airway during swallowing
Resonating chamber during phonation
Hypopharynx leads to oesophagus
Sensation via glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves
Pharyngeal constrictor muscles
-superior, muddle and inferior
-motor supply by vagus nerve

Question 23

Which vertebrae does larynx run to and from

Answer 23

C3-C6

Question 24

What cartilages in larynx made up of?

Answer 24

Epiglottis
Thyroid
Cricoid
Artenoid
Corniculate
Cuneiform

Question 25

What are t e function of the larynx?

Answer 25

Flow of air between trachea and mouth -movements of vocal cords produce voice and alter pitch and volume Protect the airways from aspiration -epiglottis closure - food directed to hypopharynx -cough reflex

Question 26

What supplies motor innervation to all muscles of the larynx

Answer 26

Recurrent laryngeal nerve -except for cricothyroid muscle = superior laryngeal nerve

Question 27

What supplies sensory innervation to larynx?

Answer 27

Vagus nerve -above vocal cords (glottis and supraglottis)= superior laryngeal nerve -below vocal cords (subglottis) = recurrent laryngeal branch

Question 28

What are the muscles of the larynx?

Answer 28

Cricothyroid Posterior cricoarytenoid Lateral cricarytenoid Transverse arytenoid Oblique arytenoid Thyroarytenoid

Question 29

What does the cricothyroid muscle do?

Answer 29

Lengthen and tense the vocal cords

Question 30

What does the posterior cricoaryntenoid muscle do?

Answer 30

Abduct and externally rotate the arytenoid cartilages, resulting in abducted vocal cords

Question 31

What do lateral cricoarytenoid muscles do?

Answer 31

Adduct and internally rotate the arytenoid cartilages, increase medial compression

Question 32

What does transverse arytenoid muscles do?

Answer 32

Addicts the arytenoid cartilages, resulting in addicted vocal cords

Question 33

What do oblique arytenoid muscles do?

Answer 33

Narrow the laryngeal inlet by constricting the distance between the arytenoid cartilages

Question 34

What do thyroarentenoid muscles do?

Answer 34

Narrow the laryngeal inlet, shortening the vocal cords, lowering voice pitch

Question 35

What are the principles of voice production

Answer 35

Air flow to the larynx Vibration/ mucosal wave Resonance in the upper aero digestive tract and unse of the pharynx, mouth, tongue and lips to manipulate the sound produced by the larynx into words and sounds