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anatomy > anatomy ch 2 lecture > Flashcards

anatomy ch 2 lecture Flashcards

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1
Q

chemistry can be broken down into…

A

basic and biochemistry

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2
Q

define matter

A

anything that has mass and occupies space

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3
Q

what states does matter exist in

A

solid
liquid
gas

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4
Q

define energy

A

the capacity to do work or put matter into motion

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5
Q

what two forms does energy exist in

A

kinetic
potential

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6
Q

define kinetic energy

A

energy in action

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7
Q

define potential energy

A

stored energy

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8
Q

what are the different types of energy (4)

A

chemical
electrical
mechanical
electromagnetic

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9
Q

all matter is composed of ______

A

elements

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10
Q

what are the main 4 elements that make up the body

A

carbon
oxygen
hydrogen
nitrogen

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11
Q

define atoms

A

makes up all elements
building blocks for each element

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12
Q

define atomic symbol

A

1 or 2 letter chemical shorthand for each element

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13
Q

define planetary model

A

fixed circular paths
outdated

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14
Q

define orbital model

A

current model that depicts orbitals
more accurate

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15
Q

define atomic number

A

number of protons

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16
Q

define mass number

A

protons + neutrons

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17
Q

define isotopes

A

atoms contain same number of protons but different number neutrons

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18
Q

define atomic weight

A

average mass of all isotope forms

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19
Q

define radioisotopes

A

isotopes that decompose to more stable forms

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20
Q

define molecule

A

general term; 2 or more atoms bonded together

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21
Q

define compound

A

specific term; 2 or more DIFFERENT kinds of atoms bonded together

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22
Q

define mixture

A

2+ components that are physically intermixed

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23
Q

what are the three basic types of mixtures

A

solutions
colloids
suspensions

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24
Q

define solutions

A

homogeneous mixtures, particles are evenly distributed

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25
define solvent
liquid that does the disolving
26
define solute
substance that dissolves in the solvent
27
are true solutions transparent or opaque
transparent
28
define colloids
emulsion heterogeneous mixture
29
define sol-gel transformations
solution to gel
30
define suspensions
heterogenous mixture settles out
31
how are mixtures separated
physical means
32
how are compounds separated
breaking chemical bonds
33
octet rule
shells hold a max of 8 electrons
34
define valence shell
outermost shell full of electrons
35
what are the three major types of chemical bonds
ionic covalent hydrogen
36
define ionic bonds
atoms that have gained/lost electrons charged
37
define anion
negatively charged atoms
38
define cation
positively charged atoms
39
most ionic compounds are ____
salts
40
define covalent bonds
bonds that form by sharing electrons
41
what are the two types of covalent bonds
polar and nonpolar
42
define nonpolar covalent bonds
equal sharing of electrons
43
define polar covalent bonds
unequal sharing of electrons
44
define dipole
molecule has two different charges
45
hydrogen bonds
not true bond, weak magnetic attraction
46
define chemical reactions
chemical bonds are formed, rearranged, or broken
47
define synthesis reactions
builds up larger, more complex molecules anabolic
48
define decomposition reactions
break down molecules catabolic
49
define exchange reactions
involves synthesis and decomposition reactions bonds made and broken
50
define exergonic reactions
release energy
51
define endergonic reactions
use up energy
52
what affects the speed of chemical reactions
temperature concentration of reactants particle size
53
define catalysts
increases the rate of a reaction without being used up
54
what is an example of biological catalyst
enzymes
55
define biochemistry
study of chemical composition and reactions of living matter
56
define inorganic compounds
does not contain carbon water, salts, many acids and bases
57
define organic compounds
contains carbon carbs, fats, proteins, nucleic acids
58
what is the most abundant inorganic compound
water
59
what are the properties of water
high heat capacity high heat of vaporization polar solvent properties reactivity cushioning
60
define salts
ionic compounds that dissociate into ions in water
61
define electrolytes
all ions they conduct electrical currents in solution
62
are acids and bases both electrolytes
yessir
63
define acids
proton donors release hydrogen ions
64
define bases
proton acceptor accepts hydrogen ions releases OH- ion
65
define pH scale
measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
66
what pH is the human between
7.35 - 7.45
67
define buffers
resists large changes in pH
68
what molecules containing carbon are considered inorganic
CO2 and CO
69
is carbon electroneutral
yes
70
define carbohydrates
sugars and starches
71
what are the three classes of carbohydrates
monosaccharides disaccharides polysaccharides
72
what are the four main types of lipids
triglycerides (fatty acids) phospholipids steroids eicosanoids
73
what are triglycerides called when solid
fats
74
what are triglycerides called when oil
oils
75
what makes up triglycerides
three fatty acids bonded to a glycerol molecule
76
are saturated fatty acids linear or nonlinear
linear
77
are unsaturated fatty acids linear or nonlinear
nonlinear double bonding!
78
what part of the phospholipid is hydrophilic
head
79
which part of the phospholipid is hydrophobic
tail
80
steroids are a type of ______
lipid
81
whats the most important steroid
cholesterol
82
what is the structure of steroids
four interlocking ring structures
83
how many types of amino acids are there
20
84
what are the two categories of proteins
fibrous and globular
85
define fibrous proteins
structural protein strandlike water-insoluble stable
86
define globular proteins
functional protein compact spherical water-soluble sensitive to environment changes
87
define denaturation
globular proteins unfold and lose their functional 3-D shape
88
denaturation is _______ if changes are extreme
irreversible
89
define enzymes
globular proteins that act as biological catalysts
90
enzymes lower _______
activation energy
91
what molecules are nucleic acids made up of
C H O N P
92
what are the two major classes of nucleic acids
DNA and RNA
93
what are the two classes of nitrogen bases
purines and pyrimidines
94
what are the purine bases
adenine and guanine
95
what are the pyrimidine bases
cytosine and thyamine
96
what are the complementary base pairs
A + T C+G
97
how do the base pairs bond together
hydrogen bonding
98
RNA function
protein synthesis
99
what powers chemical reactions in cells
ATP

anatomy (8 decks)

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