anatomy ch 4 lecture

Question 1

what are the four basic tissue types

Answer 1

epithelial
connective
muscle
nervous

Question 2

epithelial tissues

Answer 2

sheet of cells that covers body surfaces or cavities

Question 3

covering and lining epithelia

Answer 3

on external and internal surfaces

Question 3

characteristics of epithelial tissues

Answer 3

polarity
specialized contacts
supported by connective tissues
avascular but innervated
regeneration

Question 3

two main forms of epithelial tissue

Answer 3

covering and lining epithelia
glandular epithelia

Question 3

main functions of epithelial tissues

Answer 3

protection
absorption
filtration
excretion
secretion
sensory reception

Question 4

glandular epithelia

Answer 4

secretory tissue in glands

Question 5

apical surface

Answer 5

upper free side, exposed to surface or cavities

Question 6

basal surface

Answer 6

lower attached side, faces inwards toward body
attaches to basal lamina

Question 7

T/F: all epithelial sheets are supported by connective tissue

Answer 7

true

Question 8

are blood vessels found in the epithelial tissue

Answer 8

no

Question 9

T/F: epithelial tissues are named after apical surface

Answer 9

true

Question 10

simple epithelia

Answer 10

single layer thick

Question 11

stratified epithelia

Answer 11

2+ layers thick

Question 12

squamous

Answer 12

flattened and scale like

Question 13

cuboidal

Answer 13

box like, cube

Question 14

columbar

Answer 14

tall, column like

Question 15

simple squamous function

Answer 15

allow materials to pass by

Question 16

simple cuboidal function

Answer 16

secretion and absorption

Question 17

simple columnar function

Answer 17

absorption, secretion of mucus, enzymes

Question 18

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Answer 18

appears to be multilayered, but is singer layered
secretes substances (particularly mucus)

Question 19

stratified squamous

Answer 19

thick
protects underlying tissues

Question 20

transitional epithelium

Answer 20

basal cells cuboidal or columnar, surface cells dome shaped/squamous like
stretches readily

Question 21

endocrine gland

Answer 21

internally secreting
no ducts
hormones

Question 22

exocrine gland

Answer 22

externally secreting ducts sweat

Question 23

T/F: exocrine glands can be unicellular or multicellular

Answer 23

true

Question 24

examples of unicellular exocrine glands

Answer 24

mucous cells goblet cells both produce mucin

Question 25

multicellular glands

Answer 25

composed of duct and secretory unit surrounded by connective tissues classified by structure and mode of secretion

Question 26

simple exocrine glands

Answer 26

unbranched ducts

Question 27

compound exocrine glands

Answer 27

branched ducts

Question 28

tubular exocrine gland

Answer 28

secretory cells form a duct

Question 29

alveolar exocrine gland

Answer 29

secretory cells form sacs

Question 30

merocrine glands

Answer 30

secrete products by exocytosis as secretions are produced sweat pancreas

Question 31

holocrine glands

Answer 31

accumulate products within, then rupture sebaceous oil glands

Question 32

apocrine glands

Answer 32

accumulate products within, but only apex ruptures

Question 33

four main classes of connective tissues

Answer 33

connective tissue proper cartilage bone blood

Question 34

function of connective tissues

Answer 34

binding and support protecting insulating storing reserve fuel transporting substances (blood)

Question 35

three main elements of connective tissues

Answer 35

ground substance fibers cells

Question 36

ground substance

Answer 36

fills space between cells interstitial fluid cell adhesion proteins proteoglycans water

Question 37

three types of connective tissue fibers

Answer 37

collagen elastic fibers reticular

Question 38

where are fibroblasts found

Answer 38

connective tissue proper

Question 39

where are chondroblasts found

Answer 39

cartilage

Question 40

where are osteoblasts found

Answer 40

bone

Question 41

function of fat cells

Answer 41

store nutrients

Question 42

function of white blood cells

Answer 42

tissue response to injury

Question 43

function of mast cells

Answer 43

initiate local inflammatory response against foreign microorganisms they detect

Question 44

function of macrophages

Answer 44

phagocytic cells that eat dead cells

Question 45

connective tissue proper consists of all connective tissues EXCEPT

Answer 45

bone, cartilage, blood

Question 46

CT proper: loose connective tissues

Answer 46

areolar adipose reticular

Question 47

CT proper: dense connective tissues

Answer 47

dense regular dense irregular elastic

Question 48

cartilage

Answer 48

matrix secreted from chondroblasts and chondrocytes 80% water, with packed collagen fibers and sugar proteins lacks nerves avasuclar

Question 49

what are the three types of cartilage

Answer 49

hyaline elastic fibrocartilage

Question 50

hyaline cartilage

Answer 50

most abundant tip of nose

Question 51

elastic cartilage

Answer 51

more elastic fibers ears, epiglottis

Question 52

fibrocartilage

Answer 52

strong!! found in high impact areas

Question 53

osseous tissue

Answer 53

bone osteocytes VERY vascularized

Question 54

three types of muscle tissue

Answer 54

skeletal cardiac smooth

Question 55

skeletal muscle

Answer 55

attached and causes movement of bones VOLUNTARY muscle fibers striated

Question 56

cardiac muscles

Answer 56

heart INVOLUNTARY

Question 57

smooth muscle

Answer 57

in walls of hollow organs INVOLUNTARY no visible striations spindle shaped

Question 58

what are the three types of covering and lining membranes

Answer 58

cutaneous mucous serous

Question 59

cutaneous membrane

Answer 59

skin dry membrane

Question 60

mucous membrane

Answer 60

lines body cavities that are open to the exterior digestive, respiratory, urogenital

Question 61

serous membrane

Answer 61

aka serosae found in closed ventral body cavities