anatomy ch 5

Question 1

what does the integumentary system consist of

Answer 1

skin
hair
nails
sweat glands
sebaceous glands

Question 2

epidermis

Answer 2

superficial region
epithelial tissue
avascular

Question 3

dermis

Answer 3

underneath epidermis
fibrous connective tissue
vascular

Question 4

hypodermis

Answer 4

subcutaneous layer
adipose tissue
absorbs shock and insulates

Question 5

another name for hypodermis

Answer 5

superficial fascia

Question 6

what type of epithelial cell makes up the epidermis

Answer 6

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 7

what are the four cell types found in the epidermis

Answer 7

keratinocytes
melanocytes
dendritic cells
tactile cells

Question 8

keratinocytes

Answer 8

produce keratin
connected via desmosomes

Question 9

melanocytes

Answer 9

spider shaped
located in deepest epidermis
produce melanin

Question 10

dendritic (langerhans) cells

Answer 10

star shaped macrophages
deep epidermis
key activators of immune system

Question 11

tactile (merkel) cells

Answer 11

sensory receptors

Question 12

how many layers thick is thick skin

Answer 12

5
hands and feet

Question 13

how many layers thick is thin skin

Answer 13

4

Question 14

what are the layers of skin from top to bottom

Answer 14

corneum
lucidum
granulosum
spinosum
basale

Question 15

what layer of skin is only in thick skin

Answer 15

stratum lucidum

Question 16

characterisitics of stratum basale

Answer 16

deepest layer
attached to dermis
single row of stem cells
actively mitotic (divides fast!!)
10-25% of layer composed of melanocytes

Question 17

characteristics of stratum spinosum

Answer 17

prickly layer
several layers thick
resists tension and pulling

Question 18

characteristics of stratum granulosum

Answer 18

granular layer
flattened cells, thin layer
TRANSITIONAL LAYER
keratinization begins

Question 19

cells above what layer die

Answer 19

stratum granulosum

Question 20

characteristics of stratum lucidum

Answer 20

found only in THICK SKIN
thin, translucent band of flat dead keratinocytes

Question 21

stratum corneum

Answer 21

horny layer
20-30 rows
anucleated, keratinized
protection, prevent water loss

Question 22

apoptosis

Answer 22

programed cell death

Question 23

what are the two layers in the dermis

Answer 23

papillary
reticular

Question 24

characteristics of the dermis

Answer 24

fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, white blood cells
contains nerves, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels
contains hair follicles, oil glands, sweat glands

Question 25

papillary layer

Answer 25

superior layer of dermis contains dermal papillae

Question 26

dermal papillae

Answer 26

superficial region of dermis fingerlike projections into epidermis lie on top of dermal ridges

Question 27

friction ridges

Answer 27

fingerprint pattern

Question 28

reticular layer

Answer 28

lower layer of dermis contains cleavage lines

Question 29

cleavage (tension) lines

Answer 29

collagen fibers running parallel to skin surface externally invisible

Question 30

flexure lines

Answer 30

externally visible reticular layer

Question 31

what pigments contributes to skin color

Answer 31

melanin carotene hemoglobin

Question 32

melanin

Answer 32

made in skin by melanocytes freckles and moles made of local accumulations of melanin made from amino acid tyrosine

Question 33

carotene

Answer 33

yellow to orange pigment most obvious in palms and soles accumulates in stratum corneum and hypodermis

Question 34

hemoglobin

Answer 34

contributes to pinkish hue of fair skin

Question 35

cyanosis

Answer 35

blue skin color low oxygen of hemoglobin

Question 36

pallor

Answer 36

blanching, pale

Question 37

erythema

Answer 37

redness (skin)

Question 38

jaundice

Answer 38

yellow shin

Question 39

hair

Answer 39

dead keratinized cells aka pili

Question 40

vellus hair

Answer 40

pale, fine body hair children and adult females

Question 41

terminal hair

Answer 41

course, long hair scalp and eyebrows axillary + pubic areas at puberty

Question 42

nail matrix

Answer 42

thickened portion of nail bed responsible for nail growth

Question 43

nail folds

Answer 43

skin folds that overlap border of nail

Question 44

cuticle

Answer 44

nail fold that projects onto surface of nail body

Question 45

another name for cuticle

Answer 45

eponychium

Question 46

hyponychium

Answer 46

area under free edge of nail plate that accumulates dirt

Question 47

lunule

Answer 47

half moon near cuticle thickened nail matrix appears white

Question 48

sudoriferous glands

Answer 48

sweat glands

Question 49

what are the two types of sweat glands

Answer 49

eccrine apocrine

Question 50

what cell type makes up sweat glands

Answer 50

myoepithelial cells

Question 51

eccrine sweat gland characteristics

Answer 51

most numerous types palms, soles, forehead ducts connect to pores secrete sweat

Question 52

apocrine sweat gland characteristics

Answer 52

axillary and anogenital areas bacteria breaks down sweat, producing SMELL begins functioning at puberty

Question 53

what are the two modified apocrine glands

Answer 53

ceruminous glands mammary glands

Question 54

ceruminous glands

Answer 54

lining of external ear canal secretes cerumen (EARWAX)

Question 55

mammary glands

Answer 55

secrete milk

Question 56

sebaceous glands

Answer 56

secrete sebum everywhere except for thick skin (palms, soles)

Question 57

functions of skin

Answer 57

protection body temperature regulation cutaneous sensations metabolic functions blood reservoir excretion of wastes

Question 58

what are the three barriers in the skin

Answer 58

chemical physical biological

Question 59

does the skin have a high or low pH

Answer 59

low pH

Question 60

what are the three major types of skin cancer

Answer 60

basal cell carcinoma squamous cell carcinoma melanoma

Question 61

basal cell carcinoma characterics

Answer 61

least malignant most common dermis and epidermis surgical excision

Question 62

squamous cell carcinoma characteristics

Answer 62

second most common type keratinocytes of stratum spinosum scaly reddened papule

Question 63

melanoma characteristics

Answer 63

melanocytes most dangerous type highly metastatic & resistant to chemotherapy ABCD rule

Question 64

ABCD rule

Answer 64

for melanomas A: asymmetry B: border irregularity C: color D: diameter

Question 65

first degree burn

Answer 65

epidermal damage only localized redness edema pain

Question 66

second degree burn

Answer 66

epidermal and upper dermal damage blisters appear partial-thickness burns

Question 67

third degree burn

Answer 67

entire thickness of skin skin color turns grey-white, red, blackened nerve ending destroyed need skin grafting

Question 68

debridement

Answer 68

removal of burned skin