Anatomy Chapter 2

Question 0

sex cells such as eggs and sperm which are used for reproduction are called what?

Answer 0

germ cells

Question 1

most of the cells in our body that are used to build organs and tissues are called what?

Answer 1

Somatic Cells

Question 2

the space inside a cell is called ____ and contains a fluid called ___?

Answer 2

cytoplasm, cytosol

Question 3

the fluid outside the cell is called what?

Answer 3

Extracellular fluid

Question 4

proteins in the cell membrane serve many different functions such as…?

Answer 4

transport
enzymatic activity 
receptors for signal tranduction
intercellular joining 
cell-cell recognition
attachment to cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix

Question 5

what are the three options of getting through the cell membrane?

Answer 5

1. simple diffusion - slipping through phospholipids
2. passive or active transport (requires ATP) - going through a transmembrane protein
3. bulk transport - have membrane rearrange structure around the object

Question 6

Bulk transport into the cell is called?

Answer 6

Endocytosis

Question 7

Bulk transport out of the cell is called ?

Answer 7

Exocytosis

Question 8

bulk transport uses ___ to bring stuff into or out of the cell.

Answer 8

vesicle

Question 9

what are the three types of Endocytosis?

Answer 9

Phagocytosis
pinocytosis
receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 10

bulk transport of bringing a solid in through endocytosis is called what?

Answer 10

phagocytosis

Question 11

bulk transport of bringing liquid into the cell by endocytosis is called ?

Answer 11

pinocytosis

Question 12

in bulk transport, endocytosis is triggered only by receptors. this is called?

Answer 12

receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 13

where are ribosomes made?

Answer 13

nucleolus

Question 14

the membrane on the nucleus is called what?

Answer 14

nuclear envelope

Question 15

what is one strand of DNA called?

Answer 15

chromosome

Question 16

there are __ chromosomes in the nuclei of somatic cells

Answer 16

46

Question 17

sex cells have ___ chromosomes

Answer 17

23

Question 18

a section of the chromosome that codes for one protein is called what?

Answer 18

a gene

Question 19

the sum of all our genes is called?

Answer 19

genome

Question 20

what are the functions of the rough ER

Answer 20

1. protein synthesis

2. folding proteins into tertiary and quaternary structures

Question 21

what are the functions of the smooth ER

Answer 21

1. synthesis of phospholipid and glycolipid
2. carbohydrate synthesis and storage
3. steroid and cholesterol synthesis

Question 22

what are the different packages that the Golgi A. makes?

Answer 22

1. lysosomes
2. secretory vesicles
3. transport vesicles
4. membrane renewal vesicles

Question 23

vesicle that contains digestive enzymes that degrade/ break down

Answer 23

Lysosomes

Question 24

vesicles that contain products the cell will export into the extracellular fluid

Answer 24

secretory vessicles

Question 25

vesicles that contain products to move around inside the cell

Answer 25

transport vesicles

Question 26

vesicles that add new materials (phospholipids, proteins, glycolipids) to cell membrane

Answer 26

membrane Renewal vesicle

Question 27

the folds in the inner membrane of a mitochondria are called what?

Answer 27

Cristae

Question 28

the fluid environment inside the mitochondria is called what?

Answer 28

matrix

Question 29

what are the three types of protein strands in the cytoskeleton?

Answer 29

1. Microfilaments 2. Intermediate Filaments 3. Microtubules

Question 30

thin, thread-like protein strands found in the cytoskeleton are called?

Answer 30

microfilaments

Question 31

slightly thick thread-like strands in the cytoskeleton are called what?

Answer 31

Intermediate Filaments

Question 32

Large, hollow, tude-like protein strands in the cytoskeleton are called what?

Answer 32

Microtubules

Question 33

small, immobile protrusions used mainly for surface area and absorption are called what?

Answer 33

Microvilli

Question 34

Large, finger-like, movable protrusions are called?

Answer 34

Cilia

Question 35

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

Answer 35

Skeletal Cardiac Smooth

Question 36

What kind of muscle tissue is found in our muscles connected to skeleton

Answer 36

Skeletal muscle tissue

Question 37

What Muscle tissue is in our heart?

Answer 37

Cardiac muscle tissue

Question 38

What kind of muscle is in our organs, blood vessels etc.?

Answer 38

Smooth muscle tissue

Question 39

What are the 2 main cell types found in nervous tissue?

Answer 39

``` Neurons (conduct electrical signals) Glial cells (support cells) ```