Anatomy Chapter 6

Question 0

what are the general functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 0

support
protection
leverage/movement
storage of minerals and lipids
blood cell production (hemopoiesis)

Question 1

what does the skeletal system include?

Answer 1

bones
cartilages
ligaments
and other connective tissue

Question 2

what kind of bone has a high fat concentration?

Answer 2

yellow bone marrow

Question 3

where can red bone marrow be found?

Answer 3

axial bones
hip bone
prox. ends of humerus and femur

Question 4

what are the 6 classifications of bone?

Answer 4

long bone
short bone
flat bone
irregular bone
sutural bones
sesamoid bones

Question 5

a child’s long bones have more ___ than adult’s long bones do.

Answer 5

cartilage

Question 6

what is the ground substance of bone?

Answer 6

solid material called HYDROXYPATITE

Question 7

what shape and what elements make up HYDROXAPATITE

Answer 7

Crystal structure

Ca, H, P

Question 8

what kind of protein fibers are in bone?

Answer 8

collagen

Question 9

what are the 4 types of bone cells?

Answer 9

osteocytes
osteoblasts
osteoclasts
osteoprogenitors

Question 10

what are the kind of bone cells that are in mature bone cells and maintain the bone matrix

Answer 10

Osteocytes

Question 11

where are mature bone cells?

Answer 11

compact and spongy bone

Question 12

what kind of bone cells add to and build new bone matrix during growth and remodeling?

Answer 12

Osteoblasts

Question 13

what kind of bone cells remove and tear down bone matrix during growth and remodeling

Answer 13

osteoclasts

Question 14

what kind of bone cell maintains osteoblast population?

Answer 14

Osteoprogenitors

Question 15

What are the two-layers of the outside surface of a bone called?

Answer 15

Periosteum

Question 16

What are the two layers in periosteum made of?

Answer 16

outside layer : dense connective tissue

inside layer : epithelial tissue

Question 17

the inside surface (lining of the marrow cavity) also covered by epithelial tissue is called ___.

Answer 17

endosteum

Question 18

compact bone is arranged in ___.

Answer 18

OSTEONS

Question 19

spongy (cancellous) bone is arranged in ____.

Answer 19

TRABECULAE

Question 20

what word means circular, repeating unit of compact bone?

Answer 20

OSTEON

Question 21

what kind of bone has no osteons and a trabecula matrix?

Answer 21

spongy bone

Question 22

what kind of matrix forms a honeycomb-like lattice?

Answer 22

trabecula

Question 23

how much of the is skeletal mass recycled per yr?

Answer 23

1/5

Question 24

what factors affect rate of build-up / breakdown in bones?

Answer 24

exercise
hormones
diet
aging

Question 25

what hormones affect rate of build up breakdown in bones?

Answer 25

estrogen / testosterone
growth hormone
thyroid hormone
calcitonin / parathyroid hormones

Question 26

what vitamins affect rate of buildup / breakdown in bones?

Answer 26

vitamin D

vitamin C

Question 27

what part of the bone is most effected by osteoporosis?

Answer 27

spongy bone

Question 28

the achondroplasia bone disorder is found on what chromosome?

Answer 28

4

Question 29

what aspect of the bone does achondroplasia affect?

Answer 29

epiphyseal plate growth in long bones