Anatomy Chapter 5

Question 0

What does the integumentary system consist of?

Answer 0

1. cutaneous membrane
2. hypodermis
3. accessory structures

Question 1

what are the functions of the skin?

Answer 1

Protects
excretes
maintains (body temp)
synthesizes (vitamin D)
stores (lipids)
Detects (touch, pressure, pain, and temp)

Question 2

what are the two parts of the Cutaneous membrane?

Answer 2

Epidermis

Dermis

Question 3

What is the superficial part of the skin called?

Answer 3

Epidermis

Question 4

what is the deep part of the cutaneous membrane

Answer 4

Dermis

Question 5

what kind of tissue does the Epidermis have?

Answer 5

Stratified squamous epithelial tissue (many layers)

Question 6

what kind of tissue does the dermis have?

Answer 6

Areolar and dense, irregular connective tissue (2 layers)

Question 7

what kind of tissue does the Hypodermis tissue have?

Answer 7

Loose connective tissues (adipose and areolar)

Question 8

what are the accessory structures?

Answer 8

hair
nails
glands
sensory structures

Question 9

what is the order of the integumentary system?

what is the order or the layers (3)

Answer 9

epidermis (top)
dermis (middle)
subcutaneous layer (hypodermis) (bottom)

Question 10

What is the main cell type in stratified squamous epithelial tissue?

Answer 10

Keratinocyte (make a protein called keratin)

Question 11

how many layers are there in the epimeris?

Answer 11

4-5 layers (called strata)

Question 12

what are the strata layers of the strata of the skin?

Answer 12

stratum corneum (top)
stratum lucidum
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale (bottom)

Question 13

the thick 15-30 top layer that is constantly lost is called what?

Answer 13

stratum corneum

Question 14

what is the optional layer that is only in the thicker 5 layered skin?

Answer 14

stratum lucidum

Question 15

what skin layer makes a lot of keratinocytes, being filled so much with this that eventually kills organelles inside

Answer 15

stratum granulosum

Question 16

what is cell death by the production of keratinocytes called?

Answer 16

keratinization

Question 17

what layer has a dramatic drop in rate at which the cels divide. they have maturing cells (living keratinocytes)

Answer 17

stratum spinosum

Question 18

what epithelial layer is constantly dividing and is one layer thick?

Answer 18

stratum basale

Question 19

what does skin color depend on?

Answer 19

melanin

carotene

Question 20

what is melanin made by?

Answer 20

melanocytes

Question 21

what are the vesicles called that store and deposit melanocytes?

Answer 21

melanosomes

Question 22

the number of melanocytes are ___ in all races. so what makes skin color darker?

Answer 22

1. the same

2. the melanocytes reach farther up into the higher layers of epidermis

Question 23

what are the two kind of melanin?

Answer 23

1. Eumelanin (black or brown)

2. Pheomelanin (reddish

Question 24

what is the yello/orange pigment found in some red, yellow, orange veggies

Answer 24

Carotene

Question 25

what factors can influence skin color

Answer 25

1. blood supply to skin (pale vs reddish) 2. oxygen level of blood 3. other blood pigments 4. lack of melanin 5. bruising (hematoma) (pooled, oxidized blood under skin)

Question 26

cyanosis is due to what?

Answer 26

low oxygen levels in the blood

Question 27

what affect does an under-developed liver have?

Answer 27

jaundice due to high levels of bilirubin

Question 28

lack of melanin causes what?

Answer 28

Albinism

Question 29

what are the two layers of the dermis?

Answer 29

1. papillary layer | 2. reticular layer

Question 30

what kind of tissue is th papillary mayer made of?

Answer 30

areolar connective tissue

Question 31

what kind of tissue if reticular layer made of?

Answer 31

dense irregular connective tissue

Question 32

what are the 4 types of accessory GLAND structures?

Answer 32

1. sebaceous 2. sudoriferous 3. cerumnous 4. mammary

Question 33

what do sebaceous glands produce?

Answer 33

oil called (sebum)

Question 34

what do sudoriferous glans produce?

Answer 34

sweat

Question 35

what do ceruminous glands produce

Answer 35

ear wax

Question 36

what do mammary glands produce?

Answer 36

milk

Question 37

where would sebaceous glands be found?

Answer 37

hair follicles

Question 38

what effect does Sebum have on hair?

Answer 38

inhibits growth, lubricates epidermis and hair and is antibacterial

Question 39

what are the two types of sudoriferous glands?

Answer 39

1. merocrine | 2. apocrine

Question 40

what sudoriferous gland is not associated with hair follicles and is most widely distributed across body?

Answer 40

merocrine

Question 41

what sudoriferous gland is associated with hair follicle and secretes a protein that bacteria feed on that causes smell?

Answer 41

apocrine

Question 42

where would merocrine glands be found?

Answer 42

across whole body but especially abundant on palms and soles

Question 43

where are Apocrine glands found on the body?

Answer 43

abundant in arm pits, around nipples, in groin area

Question 44

where is hair made?

Answer 44

follicle

Question 45

what are the three regions of a hair?

Answer 45

bulb root shaft

Question 46

hair growth occures via specialized cells called ____ in the ___ which continually divide.

Answer 46

1. trichocytes | 2. matrix

Question 47

what are the two types of hair?

Answer 47

1. vellus | 2. terminal

Question 48

what is the kind of hair that is located all over the body

Answer 48

vellus

Question 49

what type of hair is course and located on scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes, in nose, armpits and groin

Answer 49

terminal

Question 50

hair color and appearance is based on what two factors?

Answer 50

1. amount and type of melanin | 2. shape of each hair

Question 51

what are nails made of ?

Answer 51

dead cells packed with keratin

Question 52

what makes up the structure of a nail?

Answer 52

root body lunula

Question 53

what are the three types of sensory receptors?

Answer 53

1. free nerve endings 2. tactile corpuscle 3. lameilted corpuscle

Question 54

what kind of sensory receptors sense pain and temperature?

Answer 54

free nerve endings

Question 55

what kind of sensory receptors sense touch and pressure?

Answer 55

tactile corpuscle

Question 56

what kind of sensory receptors sense vibrations?

Answer 56

lameilated corpuscle