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MSK Block > Anatomy: Forearm & Hand > Flashcards

Anatomy: Forearm & Hand Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

What connects the radius and ulna? Function?

A

interosseous membrane

stability, muscle attachment, compartmentalization

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2
Q

What is a Colles’ fracture?

A

distal radius displaces dorsally after FOOSH

dinner fork deformity

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3
Q

What carpals articulate with the radius?

A

scaphoid

lunate

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4
Q

What runs through the cubital fossa?

A

brachial artery

median nerve

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5
Q

What are the two thickenings of the antebrachial fascia?

A 
extensor retinaculum (posterior)
Palmar carpal ligament (anterior)
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6
Q

What is the flexor retinaculum?

A

deeper anterior ligament that forms the roof of the carpal tunnel

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7
Q

Brachioradialis AI

A

flexor of elbow

radial nerve

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8
Q

Supinator AI

A

supinates hands

deep radial nerve

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9
Q

What is the action of the anterior forearm muscles?

A

flexors

pronators

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10
Q

What is the action of the posterior forearm muscles?

A

extensors

supinators

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11
Q

What are the superficial flexor-pronators?

A 
pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor carpi ulnaris
flexor digitorum superficialis
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12
Q

Superficial flexor-pronator origin and innervation?

A 
medial epicondyle (common flexor tendon)
median nerve (ulnaris - ulnar nerve)
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13
Q

What are the deep flexor-pronators?

A

flexor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicis longus
pronator quadratus

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14
Q

Deep flexor-pronator innervation?

A

anterior interosseous nerve

medial FDP - ulnar nerve

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15
Q

What are the pronator muscles?

A

pronator teres

pronator quadratus

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16
Q

Pronator quadratus innervation?

A

anterior interosseous nerve

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17
Q

Pronator teres innervation?

A

median nerve

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18
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis innervation/action?

A

flexor of 4 fingers PIP

median nerve

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19
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus innervation/action?

A

flexor of 4 fingers DIP
medial - ulnar nerve
lateral - AIN

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20
Q

Where do the forearm extensors originate? Innervation?

A

lateral epicondyle

radial nerve

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21
Q

What are the 3 wrist extensors?

A

extensor carpi radialis longus/brevis

extensor carpi ulnaris

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22
Q

What are the digit extensors?

A

extensor digitorum
extensor digiti minimi
extensor indicis (pointer finger)

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23
Q

What is the extensor expansion?

A

extensor tendons that attach to middle phalanx with one band and distal phalanx with lateral bands

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24
Q

What are the abductors/extensors of the thumb?

A

abductor pollicis longus

extensor pollicis longus/brevis

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25
What holds the extensor tendons in place at the wrist?
extensor retinaculum
26
What are the boundaries of the anatomical snuff box? Contents?
thumb extensor tendons | radial artery and scaphoid bone
27
What is De Quervian's Tenosynovitis?
snuff box tendonitis, common from lifting/holding babies
28
What does the superficial radial nerve innervate?
skin on the back of the hand (radial side 3 fingers)
29
What does the deep radial nerve innervate?
extensors (as posterior interosseous nerve)
30
What does the ulnar nerve innervate in the forearm?
flexor carpi ulnaris part of FDP medial hand sensation hand muscles
31
What is the Canal of Guyon?
passage of ulnar nerve through wrist
32
How can you find the median nerve?
Passes between FDS and FDP
33
What are the branches of the median nerve?
``` AIN palmar branch (doesn't pass through flexor retinaculum) ```
34
What ligaments stabilize the elbow?
UCL RCL annular ligament of radius (radio-ulnar)
35
What does Tommy John surgery repair?
UCL
36
What is Nursemaids elbow?
radial head dislocation, easy in kids
37
What stabilizes metacarpophalangeal joints?
palmar plates and deep transverse metacarpal ligaments
38
What is Game Keepers Thumb or Skiers Thumb?
UCL tear at the thumb with fracture or dislocation of the thumb base
39
What are the 6 movements of the thumb?
abduction/adduction (saggital) flexion/extension (frontal) opposition/reposition
40
What are the 8 carpal bones?
scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform | trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
41
Mnemonic for carpals?
some lovers try positions that they can't handle
42
What is the most commonly fractured carpal?
scaphoid (fracture can disrupt blood flow)
43
What is the most commonly dislocated carpal?
lunate
44
What is the significance of the 1st carpometacarpal joint?
commonly arthritic (metacarpal-trapezium)
45
What is a boxer's fracture?
fracture of 5th metacarpal head
46
What are the 5 compartments of the hand?
``` hypothenar central thenar adductor interosseous ```
47
What is the fascia called from wrist to finger?
palmar carpal ligament palmar aponeurosis longitudinal slips fibrous digital sheaths
48
What causes trigger finger?
damaged flexor tendon gets a nodule that gets caught at the fibrous sheath
49
Hypothenar compartment location and contents?
``` medial 3 intrinsic muscles: abductor digiti minimi flexor digiti minimi brevis opponens digiti minimi deep branch of ulnar nerve ```
50
Thenar compartment location and contents?
``` lateral 3 intrinsic muscles: abductor pollicis brevis flexor pollicis brevis (with sesamoid) opponens pollicis (opposer) recurrent branch of median nerve ```
51
What is ape hand?
thenar atrophy due to loss of recurrent median nerve
52
Adductor compartment location/contents?
deep to thenar adductor pollicis deep branch of ulnar nerve
53
Central compartment location/contents?
anterior middle FDS/FDP tendons lumbrical muscles (originate from FD tendons) median and ulnar nerves
54
Lumbrical muscles action and innervation?
flex MCP joints and extend PIP/DIPs (bye-bye muscles) medial 2: ulnar lateral 2: median
55
Interosseous compartment location and contents?
posterior medial 3 palmar interossei muscles (adduct 2,4,5 fingers) 4 dorsal interossei (abduct 2,3,4 fingers) deep ulnar nerve
56
What runs through the carpal tunnel?
4 tendons of FDS 4 tendons of FDP tendon of flexor pollicis longus median nerve
57
What does the median nerve innervate?
thenar muscles 2 lumbricals 3.5 fingers sensation
58
What does the ulnar nerve innervate in the hand?
1.5 fingers sensation | all other intrinsic muscles besides thenar and 2 lumbricals
59
Where does the ulnar nerve enter the hand?
canal of Guyon
60
What does the ulnar artery vascularize in the hand?
3.5 fingers via superficial palmar arch
61
What does the radial artery vascularize in the hand?
1.5 fingers via deep palmar arch

MSK Block (19 decks)

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