Anatomy: Shoulder & Arm

Question 1

Where is the greater tubercle of the humerus?

Answer 1

Lateral

Question 2

Where is the lesser tubercle of the humerus?

Answer 2

Posterior

Question 3

What is the significance of the surgical neck?

Answer 3

Commonly fractured

Question 4

Where does the coracoid process point?

Answer 4

Humerus head

Question 5

What happens to the scapula during abduction?

Answer 5

Lateral rotation

Question 6

What gives the shoulder so much mobility?

Answer 6

Ability of the scapula to glide and rotate

Question 7

Serratus anterior OIAI

Answer 7

Ribs
Scapular medial birder
Laterally rotates and protracted scapula
Long thoracic nerve (C5-7, superficial side)

Question 8

What is winged scapula?

Answer 8

Transsection of the long thoracic nerve paralyzed serratus anterior

Question 9

What are the three groups of shoulder muscles?

Answer 9

Superficial posterior
Deep posterior
Scapulohumeral

Question 10

What are the superficial posterior shoulder muscles?

Answer 10

Traps

Lats

Question 11

What are the deep posterior shoulder muscles?

Answer 11

Levator scapula

Rhomboids

Question 12

What innervates the deep posterior shoulder muscles?

Answer 12

C5

Question 13

What are the scapulohumeral muscles?

Answer 13

Deltoid
Teres major
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Subscapularis
Teres minor

Question 14

Deltoid OIAI

Answer 14

Clavicle, scapula
Deltoid tuberosity
Abductor
Axillary nerve (C5)

Question 15

What is a complication of surgical neck fractures?

Answer 15

Axillary nerve damage

Question 16

Teres major OIAI

Answer 16

Scapula
Bicipetal groove
Adduction
Lower subscapular nerve (C5-6)

Question 17

What makes up the rotator cuff?

Answer 17

Supra
Infra
Teres minor
Sub

Question 18

Where do the rotator cuff muscles insert? Innervation?

Answer 18

Supra- greater tubercle (suprascapular nerve)
Infra- greater tubercle (suprascapular nerve)
Sub- lesser tubercle (upper & lower subscapular nerves)
Teres minor- greater tubercle (axillary nerve)

Question 19

Where does the supraspinatus tendon travel?

Answer 19

Subacromial space

Question 20

What separates the supraspinatus from the acromion?

Answer 20

Subacromial bursa

Question 21

What is the most commonly injured rotator cuff muscle?

Answer 21

Supra

Question 22

What travels through the suprascapular notch?

Answer 22

Suprascapular nerve ( under ligament)
Suprascapular artery (over ligament)

Question 23

What are the boundaries of the Quadrangular space?

Answer 23

Teres major/minor
Long head of triceps
Surgical neck of humerus

Question 24

What is the function of the clavicle?

Answer 24

allows the scapula to glide along the wall

Question 25

What is the most commonly broken bone?

Answer 25

clavicle

Question 26

What lies under the clavicle?

Answer 26

brachial plexus | subclavian artery/vein

Question 27

Where does the upper extremity articulate with the axial skeleton?

Answer 27

sternoclavicular joint

Question 28

What ligaments support the SC joint? (4)

Answer 28

anterior SC posterior SC interclavicular costoclavicular

Question 29

What kind of joint is the SC?

Answer 29

synovial with intra-articular disc

Question 30

What kind of joint is thte AC?

Answer 30

synovial

Question 31

What ligaments support the AC?

Answer 31

acromioclavicular | coracoclavicular* (pair)

Question 32

What is a 2nd degree AC injury?

Answer 32

subluxation, rupture of AC ligament

Question 33

What is a 3rd degree AC injury?

Answer 33

dislocation, rupture of all three ligaments

Question 34

What is a 1st degree AC injury?

Answer 34

sprain, injury but no rupture

Question 35

What are the anterior thoracoappendicular muscles?

Answer 35

pecs subclavius serratus anterior

Question 36

Pec major OIAI

Answer 36

clavicle/sternum lateral lip of bicipetal groove adductor and internal rotator medial and lateral pectoral nerves

Question 37

Pec minor OIAI

Answer 37

ribs coracoid stabilizes scapula medial pectoral nerve

Question 38

What goes under the pec minor?

Answer 38

axillary artery/vein | brachial plexus

Question 39

What is the subscapular artery vascularize?

Answer 39

scapula, turns into the thoracodorsal

Question 40

Waht do the a/p humeral circumflex vascularize?

Answer 40

humerus

Question 41

What are the five segments of the brachial plexus?

Answer 41

``` roots trunks divisions cords branches ```

Question 42

What spinal nerves form the brachial plexus roots?

Answer 42

C5 - T1 (5 roots)

Question 43

What are the trunks of the brachial plexus?

Answer 43

Superior (C5-6) Middle (C7) Inferior (C8-T1)

Question 44

What are the divisions of the brachial plexus?

Answer 44

anterior and posterior of each trunk

Question 45

What do the anterior divisions innervate?

Answer 45

anterior (flexor) muscles

Question 46

What do the posterior divisions innervate?

Answer 46

posterior muscles

Question 47

What are the cords of the brachial plexus?

Answer 47

lateral (anterior superior/middle) medial (anterior inferior) posterior (all posterior)

Question 48

What are the 5 branches?

Answer 48

``` musculocutaneous (C5-7) axillary (C5-6) radial (C5-T1) median (C5-T1) ulnar (C8-T1) ```

Question 49

What branches does the lateral cord give?

Answer 49

musculocutaneous | median

Question 50

What branches does the medial cord give?

Answer 50

median | ulnar

Question 51

What branches does the posterior cord give?

Answer 51

axillary | radial

Question 52

What muscles surround the roots of the brachial plexus?

Answer 52

middle and anterior scalenes

Question 53

What does the axillary sheath originate from?

Answer 53

prevertebral fascia

Question 54

What is in the axillary sheath?

Answer 54

brachial plexus | axillary artery

Question 55

How are the cords of the brachial plexus named?

Answer 55

relation to the axillary artery

Question 56

What non-plexus nerve provides sensation to the armpit?

Answer 56

intercostobrachial nerve (T2)

Question 57

Wha inserts into the supraglenoid tubercle?

Answer 57

biceps long head

Question 58

What overlies the lateral condyle?

Answer 58

capitulum

Question 59

What overlies the medial condyle?

Answer 59

trochlea

Question 60

What fossas are on the anterior distal humerus?

Answer 60

radial | coranoid

Question 61

What runs in the radial groove of the humerus?

Answer 61

radial nerve | deep brachial artery

Question 62

What runs in the ulnar groove?

Answer 62

ulnar nerve

Question 63

What does the axillary nerve wrap around?

Answer 63

surical neck

Question 64

What are perforating veins?

Answer 64

connect deep and superficial veins

Question 65

What are the superficial veins of the arm?

Answer 65

basilic (medial) | cephalic (lateral)

Question 66

What is the association between deep veins and arteries?

Answer 66

two veins with artery in the middle

Question 67

Where does the cephalic vein go deep?

Answer 67

deltopectoral triangle

Question 68

Where is the median cubital vein?

Answer 68

antecubital fossa

Question 69

What are the four sections of deep fascia of the arm?

Answer 69

brachial pectoral deltoid antebrachial

Question 70

What divides the arm into a/p compartments?

Answer 70

septa from brachial fascia

Question 71

What muscles are in the anterior compartment of the arm? Innervation?

Answer 71

biceps brachilais coracobrachialis I - musculocutaneous

Question 72

Biceps brachii OIAI

Answer 72

O - coracoid, supraglenoid tubercle I - radial tuberosity A - supination, flexion (2 joints) I - musculocutaneous

Question 73

Which muscles in general are most likely to tear?

Answer 73

those that cross 2 major joints

Question 74

Brachialis OIAI

Answer 74

O - distal humerus I - ulna A - chief flexor I - musculocutaneous

Question 75

coracobrachialis OIAI

Answer 75

O - coracoid I - middle humerus A - adductor I - musculocutaneous (pierces this muscle)

Question 76

What does the musculocutaneous innervate?

Answer 76

anterior compartment arm muscles

Question 77

What does the lateral cutaneous originate from?

Answer 77

musculocutaneous

Question 78

What does the lateral cutaneous nerve do?

Answer 78

sensation to lateral forearm

Question 79

What accompanies the brachial artery?

Answer 79

median nerve

Question 80

What are the branches of the brachial artery?

Answer 80

deep brachial | superior & inferior ulnar collateral

Question 81

Triceps OIAI

Answer 81

infraglenoid tubercle, posterior humerus (distal and proximal) olecranon process extensor radial nerve (C6-8)

Question 82

Where does the radial nerve run?

Answer 82

triangular interval (between triceps heads) with the deep brachial artery

Question 83

What are all extensors in the arm/forearm innervated by?

Answer 83

radial nerve

Question 84

What is the function of the glenoid labrum?

Answer 84

surround the humerus and deepen the glenoid cavity

Question 85

What holds the humerus in the glenoid cavity?

Answer 85

rotator cuff tendons fibrous capsule biceps tendon

Question 86

What holds the biceps tendon in the bicipetal groove?

Answer 86

transverse humeral ligament

Question 87

What is the function of the coracoacromial ligament?

Answer 87

prevent superior dislocation

Question 88

What is commonly torn in GH dislocations (3)? Most common direction?

Answer 88

direction: anterior-inferior labrum anterior capsule subscapularis tendon

Question 89

What innervates the medial skin of the upper limb?

Answer 89

medial cutaneous nerve of arm and forearm

Question 90

What innervates the lateral arm?

Answer 90

superior lateral cutaneous nerve (from axillary)

Question 91

What happens after the labrum is torn?

Answer 91

GH easily dislocates afterwards