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MSK Block > Anatomy: Leg & Foot > Flashcards

Anatomy: Leg & Foot Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

What bone does the tibia articulate with distally?

A

talus

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2
Q

What are the features of the condyles of the tibia?

A 
two facets (medial/lateral)
Two intercondylar areas (for ACL/PCL)
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3
Q

What stabilizes the knee?

A

quadriceps muscle
patellar retinaculum
fibrous capsule

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4
Q

What makes up the fibrous capsule of the knee?

A

MCL
LCL
oblique popliteal ligament
arcuate popliteal ligament

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5
Q

What does the MCL attach to?

A

medial condyle
medial meniscus
tibia

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6
Q

Where does the ACL arise? PCL?

A

anterior intercondylar area

posterior intercondylar area

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7
Q

What position puts more tension of the ACL?

A

extension (standing)

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8
Q

What is the function of the ACL?

A

prevents posterior dislocation of femur from tibia (or anterior dislocation of tibia)

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9
Q

What is the unhappy triad?

A

ACL
medial meniscus
MCL

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10
Q

What is the anterior drawer sign?

A

ability to displace the tibia anteriorly after ACL injury

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11
Q

What position puts more tension on the PCL?

A

flexion (sitting)

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12
Q

What in the function of the PCL?

A

prevents anterior displacement of the femur or posterior displacement of the tibia

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13
Q

What are the menisci?

A

fibrocartilagenous circular plates on the tibia

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14
Q

What motion injures the menisci?

A

rotational injuries

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15
Q

What makes meniscus difficult to heal?

A

poor blood supply

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16
Q

Which meniscus has more mobility?

A

lateral

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17
Q

What sits between the LCL and lateral meniscus?

A

popliteus tendon

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18
Q

What are the three branches of the popliteal artery?

A

anterior tibial
posterior tibial
fibular

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19
Q

What does the tibial nerve innervate?

A

posterior compartments muscles

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20
Q

What does the superficial fibular nerve innervate?

A

lateral compartment

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21
Q

What does the deep fibular nerve innervate?

A

anterior compartment

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22
Q

What are the 4 leg compartments?

A

anterior
lateral
deep posterior
superficial posterior

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23
Q

What is the action of the superficial posterior muscles?

A

plantarflexion

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24
Q

What are the three superficial posterior muscles?

A

gastocnemius
soleus
plantaris

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25
What is the triceps surae?
two heads of gastroc and soleus joining into one Achilles tendon
26
What nerve roots innervate the superficial posterior muscles?
S1-S2 (I'm taller than you)
27
What are the deep posterior muscles?
tibialis posterior flexor digitorum longus flexor hallucis longus
28
What is the action of the tibialis posterior?
plantarflextion | inversion
29
What vascularizes the knee joint?
genicular arteries
30
What passes through the tarsal tunnel (ant to post)?
``` tom dick artery nerve harry ```
31
What is the action of the lateral compartment muscles?
eversion
32
What are the two lateral muscles?
fibularis longus | fibularis brevis
33
What is the action of the anterior muscles?
dorsiflexion
34
What are the four anterior muscles?
tibialis anterior extensor digitorum fibularis tertius extensor hallucis longus
35
What nerve and artery run through the anterior compartment?
deep fibular nerve | anterior tibial artery
36
What does the anterior tibial artery become?
dorsalis pedis
37
Where does the deep fibular nerve provide sensation?
between 1st 2 toes (flip flop)
38
What is a complication of fibular head fracture?
common fibular nerve damage (drop foot)
39
In what position is the ankle most stable?
dorsiflexion (anterior trochlea is wider)
40
What ligaments prevent inversion?
anterior talofibular calcaneofibular posterior talofibular
41
What ligaments prevent eversion?
deltoid ligaments
42
What are the 7 tarsals?
``` talus calcaneous navicular cuboid med/int/lat cuneiform ```
43
What causes talus fractures?
forced dorsiflexion
44
Where does the blood supply enter the talus?
neck (fractures lead to avascular necrosis)
45
What part of the calcaneous do you stand on?
calcaneal tuberosity
46
What is the function of the sustentaculum tali of the calcaneous?
supports the talus | FHL tendon runs under it as a fulcrum
47
What is a complication of a calcaneous fracture at the subtalar joint?
arthritis
48
What is a common MOI for a 5th metatarsal head fracture?
avulsion from inversion sprain
49
What is the name of the deep fascia on the bottom of the foot?
plantar fascia and plantar aponeurosis
50
What are the functions of the plantar aponeurosis?
protection of neurovasculature arch support muscular attachment compartmentalization
51
What are the 4 foot compartments?
medial lateral central interosseous
52
Where do the foot lumbrical muscles of the foot originate?
FDL tendons
53
In which later of the foot muscle is the neurovasculature?
second layer
54
What intrinsic muscles does the medial plantar nerve innervate?
flexor digitorum brevis abductor hallucis flexor hallucis brevis 1st medial lumbrical
55
What nerve roots innervate the foot intrinsic muscles?
S2-S3 (play footsie with me)
56
What are the two terminal branches of the tibial nerve?
medial and lateral plantar nerves
57
What does the medial plantar nerve innervate?
4 intrinsic muscles | sensory to distal medial foot and 3.5 toes (similar to median nerve)
58
What does the lateral plantar nerve innervate?
most intrinsic muscles | sensory to distal lateral foot and 1.5 toes (similar to ulnar nerve)
59
What are the two branches of the posterior tibial artery?
medial/lateral plantar arteries
60
What does the medial plantar artery vascularize?
medial foot and half of big toe
61
What does the lateral plantar artery vascularize?
everything else via the deep plantar arch (4.5 toes)
62
What actions occur in the subtalar joint?
inversion/eversion
63
What is the major ligament that stabilizes the subtalar joint?
interosseous talocalcaneal ligament
64
What is the transverse talar joint?
two joints: calcaneocuboid talonavicular
65
What ligament stabilizes the transverse talar joint?
bifurcate ligament
66
What are the three arches?
medial/lat longitudinal | transverse
67
What tendons support the arches? (4)
tibialis posterior tibialis anterior fibularis longus flexor hallucis longus
68
What ligaments support the arches?
``` calcaneonavicular ligament (spring) long plantar ligament plantar aponeurosis ```
69
What is the most common cause of plantar fasciitis?
repetitive stretches and tears
70
Review Dr. K's bottom line concepts for the foot
do it now

MSK Block (19 decks)

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