Anatomy: Gluteal

Question 1

What are the three hip bones?

Answer 1

ilium
ischium
pubis

Question 2

What separates the hip bones in kids?

Answer 2

tri-radiate cartilage

Question 3

Where does the head of the femur articulate?

Answer 3

lunate surface of acetabulum

Question 4

What is Congenital Hip Dysplasia?

Answer 4

femur isn’t positioned correctly in the acetabulum

Question 5

What is a normal acetabular index?

Answer 5

less than 30 degrees

Question 6

What are the three ligaments of the hip joint capsule?

Answer 6

iliofemoral (anterior)
pubofemoral (anterior/inferior)
ischiofemoral (posterior)

Question 7

In what position are the ligaments of the hip joint capsule relaxed?

Answer 7

sitting

Question 8

What sits inside the hip joint? (3)

Answer 8

acetabular labrum (transverse acetabular ligament)
ligament of the head
artery of the head (from obturator)

Question 9

What arteries supply the femoral head?

Answer 9

medial circumflex (profundal)
lateral circumflex (profundal)
retinacular arteries (branches from circumflex)
artery of the head (obturator)

Question 10

What are two common locations for hip fractures?

Answer 10

femoral neck

intertrochanteric

Question 11

What is a complication of femoral neck fracture?

Answer 11

avascular necrosis

Question 12

What ligaments stabilize the sacroiliac joints?

Answer 12

dorsal and ventral sacroiliac ligaments

Question 13

What are the two strong ligaments that stabilize the sacrum and pelvis?

Answer 13

sacrotuberous

sacrospinous

Question 14

What are the 4 openings in the pelvis?

Answer 14

greater and lesser sciatic foramen
obturator canal
under the inguinal ligament

Question 15

What 5 structures exit the greater sciatic foramen?

Answer 15

piriformis
sciatic nerve
superior/inferior gluteal nerves & vessels
posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
pudendal nerve/internal pudendal artery

Question 16

What 2 structures run through the lesser sciatic foramen?

Answer 16

obturator internus tendon

pudendal nerve/internal pudendar artery

Question 17

Gluteus maximus

Answer 17

sacrum to gluteal tuberosity and IT band
extend and lateral rotation
inferior gluteal nerve

Question 18

Gluteus medius and minimus

Answer 18

ilium to greater trochanter
abduction & gait stability
superior gluteal nerve

Question 19

What is Trendelenburg Gait?

Answer 19

shifting body weight during ambulation
weakness of gluteus medius/minimus or damage to superior gluteal nerve
weight is shifted over the weakened side

Question 20

What are the 5 lateral rotators of the hip?

Answer 20

obturator internus
superior/inferior gemellus
quadratus femoris
piriformis

Question 21

Where does the Piriformis exit the hip and attach

Answer 21

greater sciatic foramen

greater trochanter

Question 22

Where does the obturator internus exit the hip and attach?

Answer 22

lesser sciatic foramen

greater trochanter

Question 23

What are the hamstrings?

Answer 23

semimembranosus (medial)
semitendinosus (medial)
biceps femoris (lateral)

Question 24

What innervates the hamstrings?

Answer 24

sciatic

Question 25

Which hamstring is most commonly injured?

Answer 25

biceps femoris

Question 26

Where do the hamstrings arise?

Answer 26

ischial tuberosity

Question 27

What vascularizes the hamstrings?

Answer 27

perforating arteries from deep femoral artery

Question 28

What does the popliteus muscle do?

Answer 28

unlocks the knee joint and allows the hamstrings to flex

Question 29

What 2 nerves make up the sciatic?

Answer 29

tibial | common fibular

Question 30

Where does the sciatic nerve exit the hip?

Answer 30

greater sciatic foramen | below the piriformis

Question 31

Where does the sciatic nerve exit the hip?

Answer 31

greater sciatic foramen | below the piriformis

Question 32

What are 2 complications from a posterior hip dislocation?

Answer 32

sciatic nerve injury | avascular necrosis

Question 33

How does a hip dislocation present?

Answer 33

leg is shortened and internally rotated