anatomy integumentary system

Question 1

functions of the integumentary system

Answer 1

synthesize vitamin D
regulate body temperature
balance bodily fluids
sensations from processing environmental stimuli
excretion

Question 2

how does the skin create physical barriers

Answer 2

from its many layers of cells and its continuity

Question 3

how does the skin create chemical barriers

Answer 3

skin secretes natural antibiotics and most secretions have low pH

Question 4

melanin

Answer 4

chemical pigment shield to protect against UV damage; made by melanocytes

Question 5

epidermis

Answer 5

made of epithelial cells
get all nutrients from dermis
made from 4 types of epidermal cells
has 4-5 layers

Question 6

what are the 4 types of epidermal cells

Answer 6

keratinocytes, melanocytes, dendritic, tactile

Question 7

what are the 5 layers of the epidermis

Answer 7

stratum corneum, stratum lucidium, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

Question 8

stratum corneum

Answer 8

20-30 layers of dead cells bond tightly to prevent water loss and protect layers below

Question 9

stratum lucidium

Answer 9

only in thick skin, thin band of flat, dead keratinocytes just below stratum corneum

Question 10

stratum granulosum

Answer 10

1-5 layers of cells; where cells fill with keratin; tough and water resistant

Question 11

stratum spinosum

Answer 11

contains intermediate filaments that resist tension; dendritic cells are most abundant

Question 12

stratum basale

Answer 12

single row of stem cells attached to the dermis where most new cells are mast, actively divide

Question 13

dermis

Answer 13

made of mostly dense connective tissue
majority of our skin (where blood works get done)
embedded with blood vessels, glands, hair follicles, and nerves
2 layers

Question 14

what are the 2 layers of dermis

Answer 14

papillary dermis and reticular dermis

Question 15

what is papillary dermis

Answer 15

made of aerolar connective tissue
interwoven loosely with collagen, elastic fibers, and blood
contains dermal papillae

Question 16

what is the reticular dermis

Answer 16

made of dense irregular connective tissue
houses network of blood vessels and thick bundles of collagen fibers that give dermis strength and resiliency

Question 17

hypodermis

Answer 17

subcutaneous tissue
composed to adipose tissue
insulates against heat loss
energy storage
shock absorber
anchors skin to underlying structures (muscles)

Question 18

hair

Answer 18

long filaments made of dead keratinocytes
3 layers

Question 19

what are the three layers of hair

Answer 19

medulla
cortex
cuticle

Question 20

medulla

Answer 20

central core made of soft keratin

Question 21

cortex

Answer 21

bulky layer

Question 22

cuticle

Answer 22

single layer of overlapping cells
when cuticle wears away at tip of hair shaft, split ends are created

Question 23

hair follicles

Answer 23

tubular invaginations in the epidermis that hair grows out of
root hair plexus

Question 24

nails

Answer 24

made of heavily keratinized cells
3 parts
rests of part of epidermis called nail bed

Question 25

what are the 3 parts of nails

Answer 25

root plate/body free edge

Question 26

nail matrix

Answer 26

where the nail grows

Question 27

dermal papilla

Answer 27

has capillaries that supply hair with nutrients and signal growth

Question 28

sweat glands

Answer 28

work to keep us from overheating

Question 29

sebaceous gland

Answer 29

oily secretion works to prevent water loss lubricate/soften skin antibacterial properties

Question 30

2 types of glands

Answer 30

eccrine apocrine

Question 31

eccrine sweat gland

Answer 31

most abundant extra in palms, forehead, soles of feet sweat secretion temperature control and antibacterial properties

Question 32

apocrine sweat gland

Answer 32

lie deeper in dermis larger come during puberty empty in the hair follicles around armpit and groin potential sexual sweat glands secrete proteins and sweat

Question 33

2 types of modified apocrine glands

Answer 33

ceruminous and mammary

Question 34

ceruminous gland

Answer 34

in ear cannal make ear wax

Question 35

mammary glands

Answer 35

secrete milk