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Anatomy Lab Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Smooth Muscle

A

walls of vessels and organs: GI, GU, vessels not under conscious control

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2
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A

Structure similar to skeletal muscle, not under conscious control

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3
Q

Skeletal Muscle

A

have origins (usually broad) and insertions (usually thin ligaments), attachments determine function/control, can move consciously

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4
Q

Fibrous Joint

A

minimal to no motion; ex: skull sutures and illioscaral

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5
Q

Cartilaginous Joint

A

Limited motion; ex: intervertebral disc, pubic symphasis

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6
Q

Synovial Joint

A

freely mobile, comprised of two or more bones (may have meniscus), lubricated by synovial fluid, structural stability and RO determined by shape

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7
Q

Commonly injured thumb ligament

A

Ulnar collateral ligament

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8
Q

Commonly injured knee ligaments

A

Medial/lateral collateral, anterior/posterior cruciates

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9
Q

Commonly injured ankle ligaments

A

anterior/posterior talo-fibular, fibulocacaneal

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10
Q

High ankle sprain

A

Distal tib/fib syndesmosis

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11
Q

Muscles of Mastication

A

Masseter, Temporalis, Medial/Lateral Pterygoid

Innervated by 3rd division of Trigeminal

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12
Q

Eye Muscles

A

Sup/Inf/Med/Lat rectus, sup/inf oblique, levator palpebrae

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13
Q

Pterygoid muscles

A

Spenoid bone to mandible

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14
Q

Flexion of Neck

A

SCM; mastoid process to sternum and clavicle, innervated by accessory nerve

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15
Q

Extension of Neck

A

Erector Spinae; iliac crests/vertebre to ribs and vertebre, innervated by Spinal nerves

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16
Q

Side bend of head

A

SCM and Trapezius (occipital bone and vertebre to spine and acromion of scapula, innervated by accessory nerve)

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17
Q

Intrinsic Muscles

A

move tongue

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18
Q

Pharyngeal constrictor muscles

A

constrict pharynx, turns into esophagus and smooth muscle around the height of the cricoid cartilage

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19
Q

Scalenes

A

Hold head and neck to rest of body, can assist in overly heavy breathing

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20
Q

Digastrics

A

Origin on styloid process to hyoid bone, act as a pulley to open mouth

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21
Q

Anterior Scalene

A

Passes between subclavian artery and vein

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22
Q

Rotation of neck

A

SCM

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23
Q

Flexion of Trunk

A

Rectus abdominus, int/ext obliques, transversus abdominus (linea alba, innervated by intercostal nerves)

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24
Q

Extension of Trunk

A

Extensor spinae; extensor muscles of the spine

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25
Side Bend of Trunk
Abdominal and back muscles
26
Rotation of Trunk
Trunk and Shoulder Girdle muscles
27
2 Joints of Shoulder
Glenohumeral and Scapulothoracic
28
Muscles of Rotator Cuff (4)
Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Subscapularis
29
Scapular Retraction
Rhomboids; Vertebre to medial border of scapula
30
Scapular Protraction
Serratus Anterior; ribs to scapula
31
Shoulder Shrug
Superior Trapezius, Levator Spinae (vertebre to scapula)
32
Forward flexion of Shoulder
Pectoralis Major; clavicle to humerus
33
Backward extension of Shoulder
Latissimus dorsi (vertebre to humerus), teres major (scapula to groove of humerus)
34
Abduction of shoulder
Deltiod (clavicle and scapula to humerus, axillary nerve) and Supraspinatus (scapula to humerus)
35
Adduction of Shoulder
pectoralis Major/Minor, Latissimus Dorsi
36
Internal Rotation of Shoulder
Subscapularis (scapula to lesser tubercle of humerus)
37
External Rotation of Shoulder
Infraspinatus (scapula to greater tubercle of humerus), Teres Minor (scapula to greater tubercle of humerus)
38
Flexion of Elbow
Biceps (2 heads to radial tuberosity), Brachialis (Humerus to coronoid process); innervated by musculocutaneous nerve
39
Extension of Elbow
Triceps (humerus to olecranon process of ulna) innervated by Radial Nerve
40
Forearm pronation
Pronator quadratus and pronator teres
41
Supination of Forearm
Biceps and Supinator
42
Hip Forward Flexion
Illiopsoas (inserts on lesser trochanter)
43
Backward Hip Extension
Gluteus Maximus (to gluteal tuberosity of femur), Posterior Hamstrings
44
Abduction of Hip
Gluteus Medius (to greater trochanter of femur)
45
Adduction of Hip
Adductors maximus, minimus, longus, and brevis
46
Internal Rotation of Hip
Anterior fibers of gluteal muscles
47
External rotation of Hip
Posterior fibers of gluteal muscles (esp maximus)
48
Extension of Knee
Quadriceps (femur to tibial tuberosity; innervated by femoral nerve)
49
Flexion of Knee
Hamstrings, Gracilis (femur to pes; obturator nerve), Sartorius (femur to pes; femoral nerve)
50
Muscles of Hamstrings
Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosis, Semimembranosis; all innervated by sciatic nerve
51
Dorsiflexion of Ankle
Tibialis Anterior (tibia to cuneiform; innervated by deep fibular nerve)
52
Plantar Flexion of Ankle
Gastrocnemius and Soleus (both to calcaneus as Achilles tendon; innervated by tibial nerve)
53
Inversion of Foot
Posterior Tibial
54
Eversion of Foot
Peroneals
55
Quadratus Lumborum
Lateral to illiopsoas, maintains upright posture
56
Portahepatus
"Gateway to Liver"; hepatic artery, common bile duct, portal vein, can be clamped to stop blood flow to liver (pass through portion of lesser omentum called hepatoduodenal ligament)
57
Foramen of Winslow
space underneath portahepatus
58
Phrenic Nerve
Innervated diaphragm, arises from C3-5
59
Vagus nerve
forms plexus over esophagus, then R side runs posteriorly and L side runs anteriorly
60
Mediastinum
between two pleural linings, contains large vessels, thymus, esophagus; postions within are determined by relationship to heart
61
Layers of GI tract
Mucosal -> Cicrular muscle fibers -> long muscle fibers -> serosal (peritoneal)
62
Serosal layer of GI tract
Lends strength and support, acts as a barrier to cancer invasion; esophagus and rectum lack serosa, making them hard to stitch back together
63
Vascularization on Bronchi
Arteries from Aorta, drain to Azygous
64
3 places portal meets systemic Venous System
rectum (hemorrhoids), round ligament (caput medusa), esophagus (esophageal varices)
65
Xiphoid process marks (3 things)
superior level of liver, central tendon of diaphragm, inferior border of heart
66
Superior Aperture (outlet)
T1, first rib, manubrium
67
Inferior Aperture (outlet)
T12, 11th/12th ribs, costal margins ribs 7-10, xiphisternal joint
68
Respiratory Muscles (resting)
Intercostals and diaphram
69
Forced Respiratory Expiration
Abdominal Muscles
70
Accessory Muscles of Respiration
Scalenes and SCM
71
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Can remove 1st rib to increase inspiration
72
Splanchnic Nerves
Arise from sympathetic trunk in thorax and innervate portions of abdomen
73
Visceral Pleura
covers organ
74
Parietal Pleura
covers surrounding structures, serious fluid between the two
75
Hilum
all connections with heart and trachea
76
Superior Mesenteric Artery
supplies all of small bowels, and R ascending (and some transverse) colon via ileocolic branches
77
Inferior Mesenteric Artery
also supplies small bowel, L descending (and some transverse) colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum
78
Arterial supply to Lesser Curve of Stomach
Right and Left Gastric
79
Arterial Supply to Greater Curve of Stomach
Splenic -> L gastroepoploic | Gastroduodenal -> R gastroepoploic
80
Recurrent Nerve
A branch from Vagus that curves back around subclavian and up to innervate voice box (another million dollar nerve)
81
Retroperitoneal Organs
``` S = Suprarenal glands (aka the adrenal glands) A = Aorta/IVC D = Duodenum (second and third segments [some also include the fourth segment] ) P = Pancreas (only head, neck, and body are retroperitoneal) U = Ureters C = Colon (only the ascending and descending colons, as transverse and sigmoid retain mesocolon) K = Kidneys E = Esophagus R = Rectum ```
82
Intraperitoneal Structures
- Stomach, First part of the duodenum [5 cm], jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, transverse colon, sigmoid colon, rectum (upper 1/3) - Liver, spleen, pancreas (only tail)

Anatomy (7 decks)

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