The Brain

Question 1

Cephalization

Answer 1

Evolutionary development of the anterior (rostral) portion of the brain.
Increased number of neurons in the head.

Question 2

Neural crest

Answer 2

Forms much of the PNS

Question 3

Neural Tube

Answer 3

Forms the CNS structures
Prosencephalon - forebrain
Mesencephalon - midbrain
Rhonbencephalon - hindbrain

Question 4

Telencephalon

Answer 4

forms cerebrum (two hemispheres with cortex, white matter and basal nuclei)

Question 5

Diencephalon

Answer 5

Forms thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus and retina

Question 6

Mesencephalon

Answer 6

forms Midbrain

Question 7

Metencephalon

Answer 7

forms Pons, cerebellum

Question 8

Myencephalon

Answer 8

forms Medulla

Question 9

Central canal of neural tube forms…

Answer 9

fluid-filled ventricals

Question 10

Ependymal Cells

Answer 10

Produce CSF in the lateral ventricles

Question 11

Septum Pellicidum

Answer 11

Separates the two lateral ventricles

Question 12

Third Ventricle

Answer 12

Lies below the lateral ventricles

Question 13

Cerebral aquaduct

Answer 13

Lies between the 3rd and 4th ventricles

Question 14

Fourth Ventricle

Answer 14

Lies below the cerebral aqueduct. Lies in front of the brain stem.

Question 15

Longitudinal Fissure

Answer 15

Separates the 2 hemispheres

Question 16

Transverse cerebral fissure

Answer 16

Separates the cerebrum and cerebellum

Question 17

Precentral Gyrus

Answer 17

Motor function

Question 18

Postcentral gyrus

Answer 18

Sensory function

Question 19

Central sulcus

Answer 19

Separates the pre and post central gyri

Question 20

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 20

thin superficial layer of gray matter
40% of the mass of the brain
Site of conscious mind
Each hemisphere connects contralateral part of the body

Question 21

Association areas

Answer 21

Integrate diverse information

Question 22

Cranial nerves innervate which side?

Answer 22

Ipsilateral side (same side)

Question 23

Broca’s Area

Answer 23

Speech area. Controls muscles of the tongue. Is active as one prepares to speak.

Question 24

Frontal Eye Field

Answer 24

Controls voluntary eye movements

Question 25

Primary visual cortex

Answer 25

Extreme posterior tip of occipital lobe | receives visual information from retinas.

Question 26

Visual association area

Answer 26

Surrounds primary visual cortex | complex processing of images

Question 27

Primary auditory cortex

Answer 27

Interprets sounds as pitch and loudness

Question 28

Auditory association area

Answer 28

Stores memories of sound

Question 29

Gustatory cortex

Answer 29

perception of taste

Question 30

Multimodal association areas

Answer 30

Receives input from multiple sensory areas. allows us to compare to previous information and decide on action to take.

Question 31

Anterior association area

Answer 31

Most complicated cortical region intellect, recognition, recall and personality Development depends on feedback from social environment

Question 32

Posterior association area

Answer 32

Recognizes patterns of faces and localizing us in space | understanding written and spoken language

Question 33

Limbic system

Answer 33

Provides emotional impact that helps establish memories

Question 34

Lateralization

Answer 34

Division of labor between hemispheres

Question 35

Cerebral Dominance

Answer 35

Designates the hemisphere dominant for language

Question 36

Left Hemisphere

Answer 36

controls language, math and logic

Question 37

Right hemisphere

Answer 37

Insight, intuition and artistic skills, visual spatial skills

Question 38

Commissural fibers

Answer 38

Connect gray matter of the 2 hemispheres

Question 39

Associated fibers

Answer 39

connect different paths of the same hemisphere

Question 40

Projection fibers

Answer 40

connect the hemispheres to the lower brain and spinal cord

Question 41

Decussation

Answer 41

Crossing of fibers in the brain stem

Question 42

Basal Nuclei

Answer 42

Influence muscle control regulate attention and cognition inhibit antagonistic and unnecessary movements