Anatomy Lower Limb Flashcards
(33 cards)
What is the action of gluteus maximus?
External rotation
Extension of hip
What nerve supplies the tensor fasciae lata?
Superior gluteal nerve
Where does gluteus maximus insert?
Gluteal tuberosity of femur
Where do gluteus medius and minimus insert?
Greater trochanter
Which muscles attach to the greater trochanter? (PGOGO)
Piriformis
Gluteus medius and minimus
Obturator internus
Gemelli
Obturator externus
Which muscles insert into the iliotibial tract?
Gluteus maximus
Tensor fasciae lata
Which structures exit the greater sciatic foramen above piriformis?
Superior gluteal nerves and vessels
Name the 3 main branches of the common femoral artery
Lateral circumflex femoral artery
Superficial femoral artery
Profunda femoris artery
What muscles attach to the lesser trochanter?
Psoas major
Iliacus
What is the main action of psoas major?
Flexion and external rotation of the hip
Which artery does the artery of the ligamentum teres originate from?
Obturator artery
What is the nerve supply to biceps femoris?
Long head - tibial
Short head - peroneal
What are the actions of the hamstrings?
All together - knee flexion, hip extension
Biceps - external rotation
Semitendinosus and semimembranosus - internal rotation
What is Garden’s classification used for?
Intracapsular hip fractures
Describe the Garden classification
I - incomplete undisplaced
II - complete undisplaced
III - complete with incomplete displacement
IV - complete with complete displacement
Name the 3 ligaments of the hip joint
Iliofemoral
Pubofemoral
Ischiofemoral
Which hip joint ligament is strongest and shaped like a Y?
Iliofemoral
Describe the blood supply to the femoral head
Medial and lateral circumflex from profunda femoris
Artery of ligamentum teres from obturator artery
Some contribution from superior and inferior gluteals
Where does psoas major originate?
Transverse processes of L1-4 (deep)
Lateral surfaces and intervening discs of T12-L4 (superficial)
What is the role of the iliotibial tract?
Stabilises the knee in extension and in partial flexion - important in walking and running
What variations exist with regards to the sciatic nerve exiting the pelvis?
Below piriformis
Above piriformis
Through piriformis
Split above and below piriformis
What muscles are found in the superficial posterior compartment of the leg? (GPS)
Gastrocpneumius
Soleus
Plantaris
What muscles are found in the deep posterior compartment of the leg? (Pfft)
Popliteus
Flexor hallucis longus
Flexor digitorum longus
Tibialis posterior
What nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the leg?
Deep peroneal
