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MRCS Part B > Anatomy Upper Limb > Flashcards

Anatomy Upper Limb Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

What are the sections of the brachial plexus and where are they found?

A

Roots - posterior triangle of neck, pass between scalenus anterior and medius

Trunks - posterior to middle third of clavicle, closely related to subclavian artery

Divisions - apex of axilla

Cords - related to 2nd part of axillary artery

Branches - in arm

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2
Q

Which nerves are given off the roots of the brachial plexus?

A

Long thoracic (C5-7)
Dorsal scapular (C5)

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3
Q

Which nerves are given off the trunks of the brachial plexus?

A

Suprascapular nerve (superior)
Nerve to subclavius (superior)

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4
Q

Which nerves are given off the medial cord?

A

Medial pectoral nerve
Medial cutaneous nerve of arm
Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm

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5
Q

Which nerves come off the posterior cord?

A

Superior suprascapular nerve
Thoracodorsal nerve
Inferior subscapular nerve

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6
Q

What causes Erb’s palsy?

A

Damage to the upper nerve roots (C5, 6)

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7
Q

What causes Kumpke’s paralysis?

A

Damage to lower trunk (C8, T1)

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8
Q

What is the nerve supply of pec major?

A

Medial and lateral pectoral nerves

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9
Q

Which muscle and nerve prevent winging of the scapula?

A

Serratus anterior
Long thoracic nerve

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10
Q

Which rotator cuff muscle internally rotates the arm?

A

Subscapularis

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11
Q

What structures are found in the quadrangular space?

A

Axillary nerve
Posterior circumflex artery
Humeral artery

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12
Q

Which nerve is found in the triangular interval?

A

Radial nerve

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13
Q

Name the branches of the axillary artery? (Screw The Lawyer, Save A Patient)

A

S - superior thoracic
T - thoracoacromial
L - lateral thoracic
S - subscapular
A - anterior humeral circumflex
P - posterior humeral circumflex

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14
Q

Which muscles attach to the coracoid process?

A

Pec minor
Coracobrachialis
Short head of biceps

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15
Q

Which muscles insert into the bicipital groove?

A

Teres major
Lat dorsi
Pec major
Biceps brachii (long head)

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16
Q

Which muscle performed the first 15 degrees of shoulder abduction?

A

Supraspinatus

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17
Q

Which muscles perform abduction of the shoulder greater than 90 degrees?

A

Trapezius
Serratus anterior

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18
Q

Which part of the humerus does the radial head articulate with?

A

Capitulum

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19
Q

Which part of the humerus does the ulna articulate with?

A

Trochlea
Olecranon fossa

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20
Q

Which structures pass in the spiral groove of the radius?

A

Radial nerve
Profunda brachii vessels

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21
Q

How do you test the long thoracic nerve?

A

Ask the patient to stand facing the wall and press their palms against it - winging will be present if nerve palsy

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22
Q

Which nerve supplies pec minor?

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A

Medial pectoral

23
Q

What are the boundaries of the quadrangular space?

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A

Superior - teres minor
Inferior - teres major
Lateral - humerus
Medial - long head of triceps

24
Q

Where does the flexor retinaculum of the wrist attach?

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A

Proximal - pisiform, scaphoid
Distal - hook of hamate, trapezium

25
What structures are within the carpal tunnel?
Median nerve FDS FDP FPL
26
What structures pass through the canal of Guyon?
Ulnar nerve Ulnar artery
27
What are the boundaries of the cubital fossa?
Superolateral - brachioradialis muscle Medial - pronator teres Floor - brachialis
28
What are the contents of the cubital fossa?
Median nerve Brachial artery Biceps tendon
29
Which muscles in the hand are supplied by the median nerve?
L - lumbricals O - opponens pollicis A - abductor pollicis brevis F - flexor pollicis brevis
30
Which artery forms the superficial palmar arch in the hand?
Ulnar
31
Which tendon attaches to the pisiform bone?
Flexor carpi ulnaris
32
Where does extensor digitorum insert?
Extensor expansion of the middle and distal phalanges of digits 2-5
33
Name 3 muscles that flex the elbow
Biceps brachii Brachialis Brachioradialis
34
What are the contents of the anatomical snuff box?
Radial artery Radial nerve Cephalic vein
35
What is the action of the lumbricals?
Flexion of the MCPs Extension IPJs
36
What mechanisms prevent bow-stringing of the flexor tendons?
Pulleys anchor the flexor tendons to the bony skeletons and allow smooth sliding beneath
37
How many compartments are there in the flexor retinaculum of the wrist?
6
38
Name the rotators cuff muscles, their nerve supply and main actions
Supraspinatus - abduction, suprascapular nerve Infraspinatus - ER, suprascapular nerve Teres minor - ER, axillary nerve Subscapularis - IR, upper and lower subscapular nerves
39
What ligament connects the coracoid process to the clavicle and what are the names of the components?
Coracoclavicular ligament Conoid and trapezoid ligaments
40
Which ligament is excised during subacromial decompression?
Coracoacromial
41
Under which ligament does the supraspinatus muscle commonly get impinged?
Coracoacromial
42
What structure runs through the bicipital groove?
Biceps tendon
43
What are the proximal and distal boundaries of the axillary artery?
Proximal - lateral border of first rib Distal - lower border of teres major
44
Which muscles attach to the greater tuberosity of the humerus?
Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor
45
Where does the long head of biceps originate from?
Supraglenoid tubercle
46
Which three muscles attach to the coracoid process?
Biceps brachii Coracobrachialis Pectoralis minor
47
What are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?
Superior - hamstrings Inferior - gastrocneumius Floor - femur Roof - fascia
48
What are the most superficial and most deep structures in the popliteal fossa?
Superficial - tibial nerve Deep - popliteal artery
49
What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?
Superior - inguinal ligament Lateral - sartorius Medial - adductor longus
50
What is Hunter's canal?
Canal which runs from the femoral triangle to popliteal fossa
51
What are the boundaries of Hunter's canal?
Lateral - vastus medialis Posterior - adductor longus and magnus Roof - sartorius
52
What are the contents of Hunter's canal?
Saphenous nerve SFA SFV Nerve to vastas medialis
53
How would you test the common fibular nerve?
Deep - 1st dorsal webspace Superficial - dorsum of foot Motor - ankle dorsiflexion and eversion
54
What attaches to the tibial tuberosity?
Patellar tendon

MRCS Part B (10 decks)

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