Anatomy of Abdominal Pain

Question 1

what are the three parts of the small intestine?

Answer 1

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

Question 2

name the parts of the large intestine from proximal to distal

Answer 2

colon
rectum
anal canal
anus

Question 3

name the parts of the colon from proximal to distal

Answer 3

caecum 
appendix 
ascending 
transverse 
descending 
sigmoid

Question 4

what are the three sections of abdominal organs?

Answer 4

foregut
midgut
hindgut

Question 5

where is the foregut?

Answer 5

oesophagus to mid duodenum

Question 6

what accessory organs are in the foregut?

Answer 6

liver
gallbladder
spleen
half of the pancreas

Question 7

where does pain from the foregut present?

Answer 7

epigastric region

Question 8

where is the midgut?

Answer 8

mid duodenum to proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon

Question 9

what accessory organs are in the midgut?

Answer 9

half of the pancreas

Question 10

where does pain from the midgut present?

Answer 10

the umbilical region

Question 11

where is the hindgut?

Answer 11

distal 1/3 of the transverse colon to proximal 1/2 of the anal canal

Question 12

what accessory organs are in the hindgut?

Answer 12

none

Question 13

where does pain from the hindgut tend to present?

Answer 13

the pubic region

Question 14

how many regions is the abdominal cavity divided into?

Answer 14

nine

Question 15

what are the nine regions of the abdominal cavity?

Answer 15

R+L hypochondrium 
epigastric 
R+L lumbar 
umbilical 
R+L inguinal 
pubic

Question 16

what are the four quadrants that the abdominal cavity can be divided into?

Answer 16

right and left upper quadrants

right and left lower quadrants

Question 17

what is the peritoneum?

Answer 17

a thin, transparent, semi permeable serous membrane that lines the walls of the abdominopelvic cavity and its organs

Question 18

what is the peritoneum in contact with the body wall called?

Answer 18

parietal peritoneum

Question 19

what is the peritoneum in contact with the organs called?

Answer 19

visceral

Question 20

what is found between the visceral and parietal peritoneum?

Answer 20

the peritoneal cavity, which contains a small amount of lubricating fluid, which lets the organs move

Question 21

what is inflammation of the peritoneum called?

Answer 21

peritonitis

Question 22

what can cause inflammation of the peritoneum?

Answer 22

blood, pus or faeces in the peritoneal cavity

Question 23

what is an intraperitoneal organ?

Answer 23

one that is wrapped in peritoneum

Question 24

name an intraperitoneal organ

Answer 24

the liver

Question 25

what is a retroperitoneal organ?

Answer 25

one that is behind the peritoneum

Question 26

name a retroperitoneal organ

Answer 26

the pancreas

Question 27

what is a mesentery?

Answer 27

a double layer of peritoneum

Question 28

name an organ with a mesentery

Answer 28

parts of the small intestine

Question 29

what is the greater omentum?

Answer 29

a four layer peritoneal fold that covers the intestines

Question 30

where does the lesser omentum come from and where does it attach?

Answer 30

comes from the inferior border of the liver attaches to the lesser curvature of the stomach

Question 31

what is the role of the omentum?

Answer 31

divides the peritoneal cavity into a greater and lesser sac

Question 32

which is smaller, the lesser or greater sac?

Answer 32

lesser

Question 33

where is the majority of the lesser sac found?

Answer 33

behind the stomach and liver

Question 34

how do the greater and lesser sac communicate?

Answer 34

through the omental foramen

Question 35

where does the portal triad lie?

Answer 35

the free edge of the lesser omentum

Question 36

what is it called when excess fluid collects in the peritoneal cavity due to pathology?

Answer 36

ascites

Question 37

what procedure can be done to drain fluid from the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 37

paracentesis

Question 38

where is the needle placed in paracentesis and why?

Answer 38

lateral to the rectus sheath this avoids the inferior epigastric artery

Question 39

what does the inferior epigastric artery arise from and where does it do this?

Answer 39

the external iliac just medial to the deep inguinal ring

Question 40

where do sympathetic nerves leave the spinal cord?

Answer 40

between T5 and L2

Question 41

where do sympathetic nerves go once they have left the spinal cord?

Answer 41

the sympathetic chains

Question 42

how do sympathetic nerves leave the sympathetic chains?

Answer 42

within abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 43

where do sympathetic nerves synapse?

Answer 43

prevertebral ganglia anterior to the aorta at the exit points of the abdominal aortas major exit points

Question 44

where do postsynaptic sympathetic nerves go and how?

Answer 44

they pass from the prevertebral ganglia onto the arterial branches of the abdominal aorta, where they take place in periarterial plexuses and "hitch a ride" with arteries to their target

Question 45

what has a different sympathetic supply?

Answer 45

the adrenal gland

Question 46

where do sympathetic fibres for the adrenal gland leave the spinal cord and where do they go next?

Answer 46

between T10 and L1 enter the abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 47

where do sympathetic nerves synapse for the adrenal gland?

Answer 47

directly onto cells of the adrenal gland

Question 48

what term describes parasympathetic outflow?

Answer 48

craniosacral outflow

Question 49

where do visceral afferent fibres from foregut structures enter the spinal cord?

Answer 49

between T6 and T9

Question 50

where do visceral afferent fibres from midgut structures enter the spinal cord?

Answer 50

between T8 and T12

Question 51

where do visceral afferent fibres from hindgut structures enter the spinal cord?

Answer 51

between T10 and L2

Question 52

what four nerves supply the body wall?

Answer 52

thoracoabdominal subcostal iliohypogastric ilioinguinal

Question 53

what makes the thoracoabdominal nerves?

Answer 53

7-11th intercostal nerves

Question 54

what makes the subcostal nerve?

Answer 54

T12 anterior ramus

Question 55

what makes the iliohypogastric nerve?

Answer 55

half of L1 anterior ramus

Question 56

what makes the ilioinguinal nerve?

Answer 56

half of L1 anterior ramus