Upper GI Anatomy

Question 1

where does jaw opening occur?

Answer 1

at the temperomandibular joints

Question 2

what are the three pairs of jaw closing muscles?

Answer 2

masseter
temporalis
medial pterygoid

Question 3

where does the masseter attach?

Answer 3

the zygomatic bone

Question 4

where does the temporalis come from?

Answer 4

the temporal fossa

Question 5

where does the temporalis attach?

Answer 5

the angle of the mandible

Question 6

what is the jaw opening muscle?

Answer 6

lateral pterygoid

Question 7

what nerve supplies all of the muscles of mastication?

Answer 7

CN V3

Question 8

what is the name of CN V3?

Answer 8

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

Question 9

how many divisions does the trigeminal nerve have?

Answer 9

three

Question 10

what prevents the TMJ from dislocating?

Answer 10

the articular tubercle on the temporal bone

Question 11

what does the course of a nerve describe?

Answer 11

the journey it takes between the CNS and the structure it supplies

Question 12

what fibres does CN V3 contain?

Answer 12

sensory and motor

Question 13

where does CNV3 come from?

Answer 13

the pons

Question 14

where does CN V3 exit the skull?

Answer 14

the foramen ovale

Question 15

where is the foramen ovale found?

Answer 15

the medial cranial fossa

Question 16

what does CN V3 supply?

Answer 16

the muscles of mastication and the sensory area in the face

Question 17

what is the gap between the lips and the teeth called?

Answer 17

vestibule

Question 18

what is more anterior, the soft palate or the hard palate?

Answer 18

the hard palate

Question 19

how many teeth makes up a complete set of adult teeth?

Answer 19

32

Question 20

what is the third molar tooth called?

Answer 20

the wisdom tooth

Question 21

why do you need to ask if people have any loose teeth or fillings before performing an endoscopy?

Answer 21

they could be a choking hazard or an aspiration risk

Question 22

what is another name for the gums?

Answer 22

gingivae

Question 23

what is the uvula?

Answer 23

a muscle of the soft palate

Question 24

where are the palatine tonsils found?

Answer 24

between the arches of the soft palate

Question 25

what is CNV2 called?

Answer 25

the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve

Question 26

what fibres does CN V2 carry?

Answer 26

sensory only

Question 27

where does CN V2 originate?

Answer 27

the pons

Question 28

where does CN V2 pass through when leaving the skull?

Answer 28

the foramen rotundum

Question 29

what does CNV2 supply?

Answer 29

the sensory area of the mid face

Question 30

what are the three pairs of major salivary glands called?

Answer 30

parotid submandibular sublingual

Question 31

where do the ducts of the parotid gland enter the oral cavity?

Answer 31

on the cheek near the second molar

Question 32

where do the ducts of the submandibular gland enter the oral cavity?

Answer 32

at the base of the frenulum

Question 33

where do the ducts of the sublingual gland enter the oral cavity?

Answer 33

there are multiple ducts all over the floor of the mouth

Question 34

where is the superior half of the oral cavity?

Answer 34

above the tongue

Question 35

what supplies general sensation to the superior half of the oral cavity?

Answer 35

CN V2

Question 36

what supplies general sensation to the inferior half of the oral cavity?

Answer 36

CN V3

Question 37

what type of reflex is the gag reflex and what does it aim to do?

Answer 37

a protective reflex tries to close the pharynx

Question 38

what nerve carries the sensory fibres for the gag reflex?

Answer 38

CN IX

Question 39

what nerves carry the motor fibres for the gag reflex?

Answer 39

CN IX and CN X

Question 40

what two sections is the tongue divided into?

Answer 40

anterior two thirds | posterior third

Question 41

which part of the tongue is horizontal and in the oral cavity?

Answer 41

the anterior two thirds

Question 42

what nerve supplies general sensory innervation to the anterior tongue?

Answer 42

CN V3

Question 43

what nerve supplies the special sensory innervation to the anterior tongue?

Answer 43

CN VII

Question 44

what special sense does the tongue have?

Answer 44

taste

Question 45

what nerve supplies both the general and special sensory innervation to the posterior tongue?

Answer 45

CN IX

Question 46

what is the posterior third of the tongue sometimes also called?

Answer 46

the anterior wall of the oropharynx

Question 47

what nerve fibres does CN VII carry?

Answer 47

special sensory motor parasympathetic

Question 48

where does CN VII originate?

Answer 48

the pontomedullary junction

Question 49

what does CN VII supply?

Answer 49

taste to anterior tongue muscles of facial expression glands in the floor of the mouth

Question 50

what nerve fibres does CN IX carry?

Answer 50

special sensory motor visceral afferent parasympathetic

Question 51

where does CN IX originate?

Answer 51

the medulla

Question 52

where does CN IX pass through?

Answer 52

the jugular foramen

Question 53

what does CN IX supply?

Answer 53

posterior wall of oropharynx parotid gland posterior tongue

Question 54

what are the four pairs of extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 54

palatoglossus styloglossus hyoglossus genioglossus

Question 55

what is the function of the extrinsic tongue muscles?

Answer 55

change the position of the tongue

Question 56

what is the function of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 56

modify the shape of the tongue

Question 57

what nerve supplies almost all of the muscles of the tongue, and which muscle is the exception?

Answer 57

CN XII palatoglossus

Question 58

what nerve fibres are found in CN XII?

Answer 58

motor only

Question 59

where does CN XII originate?

Answer 59

the medulla

Question 60

what muscles make up the external layer of the pharynx?

Answer 60

circular constrictor muscles

Question 61

name the three overlapping circular constrictor muscles of the pharynx

Answer 61

superior constrictor inferior constrictor middle constrictor

Question 62

are the constrictor muscles of the pharynx smooth or skeletal?

Answer 62

skeletal

Question 63

describe how the constrictor muscles of the pharynx contract

Answer 63

sequentially when the superior ones contract, the others follow

Question 64

what nerve innervates the constrictor muscles of the pharynx?

Answer 64

CN X (vagus)

Question 65

where do the constrictor muscles of the pharynx insert?

Answer 65

the midline raphe (thickened band of fascia)

Question 66

what is the cricopharyngeus, what does it create and where is it found?

Answer 66

where muscle fibres become horizontal in the pharynx the UOS at the level of C6

Question 67

what muscles make up the inner layer of the pharynx?

Answer 67

longitudinal muscles

Question 68

what nerves supply the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx?

Answer 68

CN X and IX

Question 69

what is the role of the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx?

Answer 69

elevate the pharynx and larynx this causes the larynx to close over the laryngeal inlet and shortens the pharynx q

Question 70

what type of muscles are involved in swallowing?

Answer 70

all voluntary

Question 71

what is the inferior continuation of the laryngopharynx?

Answer 71

the oesophagus

Question 72

where does the oesophagus begin?

Answer 72

the inferior end of the cricopharyngeus muscle (C6)

Question 73

what supplies the smooth muscle in the wall of the oesophagus?

Answer 73

the oesophageal plexus

Question 74

where does the oesophagus end?

Answer 74

when it enters the cardia of teh stomach

Question 75

where does the oesophagus pass through the diaphragm?

Answer 75

T10

Question 76

where does the vena cava pass through the diaphragm?

Answer 76

T8

Question 77

where does the aorta pass through the diaphragm?

Answer 77

T12

Question 78

what type of sphincter is the lower oesophageal sphincter?

Answer 78

physiological

Question 79

what happens at the gastro-oesophageal junction?

Answer 79

there is an abrupt change in the type of mucosa lining the wall (the Z-line)

Question 80

where does the stomach lie in a supine patient?

Answer 80

left hypochondrium epigastrium umbilical region

Question 81

what is the pyloric sphincter?

Answer 81

the ring of muscle that closes the gap between the stomach and duodenum

Question 82

what are rugae?

Answer 82

folds of mucosa in the stomach