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Anatomy of Speech, Language, and Hearing > Anatomy of Articulatory and Resonance Systems > Flashcards

Anatomy of Articulatory and Resonance Systems Flashcards

(86 cards)

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1
Q

What does the vocal tract consist of

A

-oral cavity
-pharynx
-nasal cavity

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2
Q

Source-Filter Theory of Sound Production

A

-How oral cavity shapes sound
-Vocal folds source for voiced sounds
-Sound routed through oral/nasal/pharyngeal cavities, “filter” sound into speech
-Change in shape and configuration of tongue, mandible, soft palate, and other articulators determines resonance of vocal tract
-resonances of vocal tract determine vowel sounds

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3
Q

Mandible

A

-Lower jaw
-articulates at temporomandibular joint
-symphysis menti: fusion location of both halves
-alveolar portion: thick bone area surrounding and forms tooth sockets
-aka alveolar bone, alveolar process

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4
Q

Outer Surface of Mandible

A

-corpus/body
-mental foramen
-medial outer surface of corpus lateral to mental tubercules
-passage for lingual branch of mandibular nerve of CN (trigeminal)
-lip sensation

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5
Q

Posterior Mandible

A

-Mandibular ramus
-coronoid process: attachment of temporalis
-condyloid process: articulates with mandibular fossa of temporal bone, temporomandibular joint

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6
Q

Inner Surface Mandible

A

-Mental spines on interior surface:
-origin of genioglossus and geniohyoid muscles
-Mylohyoid line:
-oblique ridge runs backward and laterally from area mental spines to area below and behind 3rd molar
- primary attachment point of mylohyoid muscle
-Mandibular formamen
-passage for alveolar nerve of mandibular branch of CN V (Trigeminal)

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7
Q

Maxillae

A

-Upper jaw
-second largest facial bone
-forms
-roof of mouth
-floor of nasal cavity
-walls of nasal cavity
-portion of eye socket

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8
Q

Maxillae: Anterior

A

-Frontal process
-superior most point
-Zygomatic process
-articulates with zygomatic bone
-nasal crest
-bony ridge located medial border of palatine process
-nasal notch
-concave indentation helps form piriform aperture

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9
Q

Inferior Mandible: Alveolar process

A

thickened bone ridge contains tooth sockets
thickest part of maxilla

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10
Q

Inferior Mandible: Alveoli

A

tooth sockets

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11
Q

Inferior Mandible: Palatine Process

A

-bony structure extends from maxilla to form majority of anterior hard palate
-joins with horizontal plate of palatine bone to complete hard palate

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12
Q

Inferior Mandible: Intermaxillary Suture

A

-fusion point of 2 maxillary bones
-creates single structure

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13
Q

Inferior Mandible: Premaxilla

A

-smaller bone located front
-houses incisor teeth

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14
Q

Inferior Mandible: Incisive Foramen

A

-small hard palate opening located
-passageway for nasopalatine nerve and blood vessels to reach oral cavity from nasal cavity

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15
Q

Hard Palate and Palatine Bone

A
  • horizontal plate of palatine bone makes up 1/4 hard palate
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16
Q

Hard Palate and Maxillae

A

-maxillae makes up 3/4 hard palate

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17
Q

Nasal Bones

A

-small and paired
-articulate with frontal bone, maxilla, ethmoid bone, septal cartilage

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18
Q

What do the Palatine Bones form

A

-posterior 1/4 of hard palate
-posterior wall of nasal cavity
-eye socket wall

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19
Q

How are the palatine bones configured in relation to the maxilla

A

posteriorly

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20
Q

Palatine Bones: Horizontal Plates

A

-forms back part of hard palate and nasal cavity floor

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21
Q

Palatine Bones: Perpendicular Plates

A

-contributes formation of nasal septum and nasal cavity lateral wall

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22
Q

Palatine Bones: Posterior nasal spine

A

behind nasal crest

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23
Q

Palatine Bones: Transverse Palatine Suture

A

-joint roof of mouth where palatine process and maxilla bone meet

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24
Q

Inferior Nasal Conchae

A

-Filter and warm air
-scroll like bones
-articulate with maxillae, palatine, ethmoid bones
-inferior border is free

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25
Vomer
-Makes up inferior and posterior nasal septum: separation wall between nasal cavities -unpaired bone -articulates with maxilla and palatine inferiorly -unattached posterior aspect
26
Zygomatic Bones
-Lateral aspect and floor of orbit -articulates with frontal bone, sphenoid, maxilla, temporal bone
27
Cranial Bones: Ethmoid Bone
-Small unpaired bone -protects the brain -between frontal bone orbital plates -forms -part of medial orbit -superior part of nasal sinus -significant portion of nasal septum and lateral nasal wall
28
Ethmoid Perpendicular Plate
-Thin flattened lamina (plate) -polygonal shaped -descends from under surface of cribiform plate -assists forming nasal septum
29
Ethmoid: Crista galli
-prominence in cranial cavity for attachment of flax cerebri (dura mater)
30
Ethmoid: Cribiform Plate
-separates cranial cavity and nasal cavity -projections of olfactory bulb through plate
31
Middle and Superior Nasal Conchae
attached to ethmoid
32
Sphenoid Bone
-Butterfly shaped: majority cranial cavity floor -Posterior: articulates with basilar part of occipital bone -Anterior: forms back wall of nasopharynx
33
Sphenoid Bone: Lesser Wings
arise from body and clinoid process
34
Sphenoid Bone: Greater Wings
articulate with frontal and zygomatic bones to make up orbital surface
35
Sphenoid Bone: Hyophyseal fossa
-aka pituitary fossa -sella turcica: holds pituitary glands
36
Sphenoid Bone: Pterygoid Process
-junction between greater wing and body -anterior surface borad and triangular near its root
37
Sphenoid Bone: Medial Pterygoid Plates
-attachments for medial (internal) pterygoid muscle
38
Sphenoid Bone: Lateral Pterygoid Plates
-attachment for lateral pterygoid muscle
39
Sphenoid Bone: Between medial and lateral pterygoid plates
pterygoid fossa
40
Sphenoid Bone: Pterygoid Hamulus
-on medial pterygoid plate -hook shaped bony projection located at bottom -tendon of tensor veli palatine passes around it -serves as pulley for tensor veli palatini muscle
41
Frontal Bone: Coronal Suture
connects frontal and parietal bones
42
Frontal Bone: Superior Orbis
roof of orbital cavity
43
Frontal Bone: Zygomatic Process
-connects to zygomatic
44
Parietal Bones: Sagittal Suture
-connects both parietal bones
45
Parietal Bones: Squamous Suture
-connects parietal to temporal
46
Parietal Bones: Lambdoid Suture
-connects parietal to occipital
47
Occipital Bone: Occipitotemporal or Occipitomastoid Suture
-connects occipital to mastoid portion of temporal
48
Occipital Bone: External Occipital Protuberance
-AKA Inion -bony bump back of skull where neck meets head
49
Occipital Bone: Foramen Magnum
-opening for spinal cord
50
Occipital Bone: Condyles
-resting point for first cervical vertebrae
51
Temporal Bone: Mastoid Process
-bony projection base of skull, behind the ear
52
Temporal Bone: Styloid Process
slender osseous projection points anterioinferiorly from inferior surface of petrous part
53
Temporal Bone: External Auditory Meatus
-bony passageway connects outer to middle ear
54
Temporal Bone: Squamos or Parietomatoid Suture
-connects temporal to parietal bone
55
Temporal Bone: Zygomatic Process
-bony projection extends and articulates with zygomatic bone
56
Segments of Temporal Bone
-squamous -mastoid -petrous -tympanis
57
Squamous Segment of Temporal Bone Outer Surface
-outer surface: attachment of temporal muscle
58
Squamous Segment of Temporal Bone Inner Surface
inner surface: forms lateral part of middle cranial fossa
59
Squamous Segment of Temporal Bone Superior Border
-superior border: squamosal suture with parietal bone
60
Squamous Segment of Temporal Bone Antero-Inferior Border
-antero-inferior border: articulates with greater wing of sphenoid bone
61
Mastoid Segment of Temporal Bone Outer Surface
-outer surface: attaches occipital and posterior auricular muscles
62
Mastoid Segment of Temporal Bone Inner Surface
-inner surface: deep sigmoid sulcus for sigmoid sinus
63
Mastoid Segment of Temporal Bone Superior Border
-superior border: serrated edge articulate with parietal bone mastoid angle
64
Mastoid Segment of Temporal Bone Posterior Border
-posterior border: serrated edge articulates with occipital one inferior border
65
Mastoid Segment of Temporal Bone Anterior Border
-anterior border: fused with squama
66
Petrous Segment of Temporal Bone Base
-base: fused with internal surfaces of squamous and mastoid parts
67
Petrous Segment of Temporal Bone Apex
-apex: anterior opening of carotid canal and forms postero-lateral border of foramen lacerum
68
Petrous Segment of Temporal Bone Anterior Surface
-anterior surface: forms posterior part of middle cranial fossa
69
Petrous Segment of Temporal Bone Posterior Surface
-posterior surface: forms anterior part of posterior cranial fossa, contains internal auditory meatus opening
70
Petrous Segment of Temporal Bone Inferior Surface
-inferior surface: quadrangular area, opening of carotid canal/jugular fossa, contains acoustic labyrinth
71
Tympanic Segment of Temporal Bone Posterior Surface
-Posterior surface: forms external auditory canal anterior wall, floor and part of posterior wall
72
Tympanic Segment of Temporal Bone Anterior Surface
-anterior surface: forms posterior part of mandibular fossa and part of external auditory meatus
73
Vocal Tract Cavities: Oral Cavity
-Bounded by teeth and fauces or faucial pillars -fauces/faucial pillars: junction of oral/nasal and pharyngeal cavities, also known as palatine arches -Above arches is soft palate, below is dorsum of tongue -oral cavity also bounded by hard palate and tongue
74
Vocal Tract Cavities: Pharyngeal Cavity
-12 cm long -3 parts: nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
75
Pharyngeal Cavity: Oropharynx
-superior boundary: soft palate -inferior boundary: level of hyoid -anterior boundary: faucial pillar
76
Pharyngeal Cavity: Laryngopharynx
-Aka hypopharynx -superior boundary: level of hyoid -inferior boundary: esophagus -anterior boundary: epiglottis
77
Pharyngeal Cavity: Nasopharynx
-space above soft palate -anterior border: opens into nasal conchae -lateral border: eustachian tube
78
Auditory (Eustachian) Tube
-Direction: lateral, back and up to middle ear -Torus tubarius: bulge of tissue encircling opening -Salpingopharyngeal fold: tissue moving down from opening
79
Nasal Cavities
-Two chambers separated by septum -anterior border: nares (nostrils) -posterior border: conchae -superior border: nasal bone -inferior border: maxillary palatine process and palatine bones -lateral border: frontal process of maxillae
80
Facial Muscles: Orbicularis Oris
-Oval ring of fibers -encircles mouth as sphincter -unpaired muscle -pucker lips, closes mouth
81
Muscle Insertion: Transverse
-pull lips toward teeth, production of /i/ -approach horizontally: buccinator and risorius
82
Muscle Insertion: Vertical
-pull upper lip up -pull lower lip down -approach vertically: mentalis, levator labii superioris, depressor labii inferioris, levator labii superioris alaeuque nasi
83
Muscle Insertion: Angular
-pull corners up or down: smile or frown -approach at angle: levator anguli oris, depressor anguli oris, zygomatic major and minor
84
Transverse Facial Muscles
-buccinator -risorius
85
Buccinator
-Origin: pterygomandibular raphe and mylohyoid line of mandible -Course: anteriorly -Insertion: orbicularis oris transverse fibers -Innervation: CN VII (Facial) -Function: Pulls lips toward teeth
86
Risorius
-Origin: fascia of masseter muscle -course: superficial and parallel to buccinator -Insertion: corner of mouth and lower lip -Innervation: CN VII (Facial) -Function: pulls lips toward teeth

Anatomy of Speech, Language, and Hearing (14 decks)

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