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Anatomy of Speech, Language, and Hearing > Auditory System Anatomy > Flashcards

Auditory System Anatomy Flashcards

(83 cards)

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1
Q

Divisions

A

-Outer: pinna-TM
-Middle: TM-Oval window
-Inner: oval window-internal auditory meatus
-Central: internal auditory meatus-auditory cortex

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2
Q

Outer Ear

A

-Pinna (auricle)
-helix
-antihelix
-scaphoid fossa
-triangular fossa
-tragus
-antitragus
-concha
-lobule

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3
Q

External Auditory Meatus (EAM)

A

-“S” shaped
-28mm long
-7mm diameter

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4
Q

External Auditory Meatus (EAM): Outer 1/3

A

Cartilage
Courses medially and up

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5
Q

External Auditory Meatus (EAM): Inner 2/3

A

Cartilage
Courses down and medially

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6
Q

External Auditory Meatus (EAM): Hairs

A

-cartilaginous portion/outer 1/3

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7
Q

External Auditory Meatus (EAM): Cerumen Gland

A

-cartilaginous portion/outer 1/3

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8
Q

TM Divisions

A

-Pars flaccida: upper 1/3
-Pars Tensa: upper 2/3
-Notch of rivinus: allows radial fibers to attach

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9
Q

TM Layers

A

-Epithelial tissue: continuous w/EAM
-Mucosa: continuous w/middle ear lining
-Radial Fibers: in pars tensa, fibers attcahed to notch of rivinus

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10
Q

Healthy TM Appearance

A

-pearly
-grey
-translucent
-concave: sucked into middle ear

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11
Q

Direction of Malleus Determines Left or Right Ear: Left

A

-malleus points to 10-11 oclock

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12
Q

Direction of Malleus Determines Left or Right Ear: Right

A

-malleus points to 1-2 oclock

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13
Q

Middle Ear

A

-oval or egg shaped\
-6 walls

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14
Q

Middle Ear Lateral Wall

A

-membranous wall
-TM

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15
Q

Middle Ear Anterior Wall

A

-carotid wall: carotid artery in front of wall
-eustachian tube opening

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16
Q

Middle Ear Posterior Wall

A

-mastoid wall: mastoid bone under wall
-aditus: opening off posterior wall
-pyramidal eminence

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17
Q

Middle Ear Inferior Wall

A

-jugular wall: jugular vein underneath wall

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18
Q

Middle Ear Superior Wall

A

-tegmental wall made up of tegmental bone

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19
Q

Middle Ear Medial Wall

A

-labyrinthine wall
-fenestra vestibuli: oval window
-fenestra cochlea/rotunda: round window
-promontory: basal turn of cochlea that can’t fit in cochlea so juts out

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20
Q

Malleus Landmarks

A

-Head
-Neck
-Lateral process
-Manubrium
-Umbo
-Connection to Incus
-attaches to TM along length of manubrium
-malleus head: bulk of bone
-head articulates with body of incus
-head of malleus and body of incus in epitympanic recess

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21
Q

Incus Landmarks

A

-Short process
-Long process
-Lenticular process
-Connection to malleus
-Connection to stapes
-short process projects posteriorly
-long process bends medially: has lenticular process where stapes articulates at

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22
Q

Stapes Landmarks

A

-Connection to Incus
-Head
-Neck
-Anterior Crus
-Posterior Crus: thinnest part
-Footplate
-Stapes head articulates w/incus
-Stapes footplate sits in oval window which keeps fluid in cochlea

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23
Q

Ligaments

A

-hold ossicles in place
-allow relatively free movement

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24
Q

Stapedial Muscle: Originates

A

-posterior wall
-tiny hole top pyramidal eminence

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25
Stapedial Muscle: attaches
-posterior portion stapes neck
26
Stapedial Muscle: innervation
CN VII (Facial)
27
Stapedial Muscle: Contraction
stapes moves and tenses oval window pyramidal wall stationary
28
Tensor Tympani: Originates
-anterior wall -area called semi canal of tensor tympani -above eustachian tube opening
29
Tensor Tympani: Attaches
-manubrium of malleus
30
Tensor Tympani: innervation
CN V (Trigeminal)
31
Tensor Tympani: Contraction
-pulls malleus and tightens TM
32
Tensor Tympani & Stapedial
-Placed: antagonists (push against each other) -Work: synergists
33
Eustachian Tube
-Connects middle ear to pharyngeal wall -equalizes pressure in ME
34
Eustachian Tube Divisions
-osseous -cartilaginous -membranous -isthmus: muscles
35
Eustachian Tube Length
-adult: 35-38 mm -child: 1/2 adult, 12-16mm
36
Eustachian Tube Angle
-adult: 35-45 degree -child: more horizontal
37
Inner Ear Divisions
-Auditory -Vestibular
38
Vestibular System: Consists of peripheral sensory apparatus
-6 semicircular canals -4 otoliths
39
Vestibular System: Central Processor
-vestibular nuclei -cerebellum
40
Vestibular System: Mechanism for motor output
-including reflexes -vestibulo-ocular reflex
41
Semicircular Canal
-Fluid filled: endolymph -same as scala media -connects to auditory portion via ductus reuniens -any 2 canals form right angle -open into vestibule: cavity within inner ear, contains ampulla
42
Anterior Semicircular Canal
superior
43
Posterior Semicircular Canal
inferior
44
Lateral Semicircular Canal
-horizontal: 30 degree angle to horizontal plane
45
Ampulla
-Bulbous enlargements at end of each semicircular canal -3 ampullae situated at different angles: contains sensory hair cells, detects rotations in all three planes of motion (horizontal, vertical, sagittal) -contains crista and cupula
46
Ampulla Crista
-crest like septum perpendicular to longitudinal axis of canal -cilia project into cupula
47
Ampulla Cupula
-sits on top of crista -closes opening between semicircular canal and utricle
48
Otoliths: Utricle
-lies in oval shape area beneath semicircular canals -cilia project and embed in gelatinous membrane -otolithic membrane: macula, contains small calcium carbonate crystals called otoconia -monitors horizontal movement (walking straight)`
49
Otoliths: Saccule
-lies in oval shape area beneath semicircular canals -cilia project and embed in gelatinous membrane -otolithic membrane: macula, contains small calcium carbonate crystals called otoconia -monitors vertical movement (elevator) -connects to cochlea via ductus reuniens (scala media)
50
Cochlear Openings: Round Window
opens into scala tympani
51
Cochlear Openings: Oval Window
-end of scala vestibuli
52
Cochlear Openings: Cochlear Aquaduct
-small bony channel within temporal bone connect subarachnoid space with scala tympani
53
Cochlear Openings: Ductus Reuniens
-AKA: canalis reuniens of Hensen -small membranous duct connects lower part to saccule to scala media
54
Cochlea
-snail shaped -coiled around Modiolus (support for cochlea): 2 1/4 -2 3/4 -base near vestibule
55
Modiolus
-Finely perforated bone: Cochlear core - Neurons through perforations
56
Canals of Cochlea: Scala Vestibuli
-run oval window to apex of cochlea -perilymph -oval window closer to vestibular system
57
Cochlear Openings: Scala Tympani
-run apex cochlea to round window -perilymph -round window closer to TM
58
Cochlear Openings: Helicotrema
-small passage connects scala vestibuli and scala tympani
59
Cochlear Openings: Scala Media
-lies between scala vestibuli and scala tympani -endolymph (brought by ductus reuniens) -contains organ of corti
60
Osseous Spiral Lamina
-Thin bony shelf projects from modiolus: separates scala tympani and scala vestibuli -gets progressively smaller as approach apex: allows basilar membrane to widen -At apex: hook like communication with helicotrema
61
Cochlear Membranes
-Reissner's: separates scala vestibuli from scala media -Basilar: separates scala tympani form scale media, organ of corti sits on it
62
Scala Media Landmarks
-osseous spiral lamina -stria vascularis: vascular supply -Reissner's membrane -Basilar membrane -Organ of Corti
63
Organ of Corti: Border Cells
-support
64
Organ of Corti: Inner Pharyngeal Cells
-support
65
Organ of Corti: Inner Hair Cells
-not embedded in techtorial membrane
66
Organ of Corti: Rods of Corti
-inner and outer
67
Organ of Corti: Tunnel of Corti
-between rods
68
-Organ of Corti: Tunnel of Nuel
-other side of rods
69
Cells of Deiter/Deiter Cups
`-tulips with outer hair cells sit inside them
70
Organ of Corti: Outer Hair Cells
-tallest embedded in techtorial membrane
71
Organ of Corti: Reticular Lamina
-holds outer hair cells in place
72
Organ of Corti: Hensen Cells
-larger than claudius -support
73
Organ of Corti: Claudius Cells
-smaller than Hensen -support
74
Techtorial Membrane
-dome on stadium -only attached on one side
75
Cochlear Hair Cells: Inner
-straight line pattern -tear drop shape
76
Cochlear Hair Cells: Outer
-soft "w" pattern -cylinder shape -embed in techtorial membrane -3 cilia per cell
77
Cochlear Hair Cells: Inner and Outer Hair Cells
-cilia connected by tip links -thin filaments connect tips
78
Hair Cell Innervation: Afferent Innervation Type 1 Fibers
-myelinated (efficient) -each inner hair cell connected by 10-20 VIII nerve fibers -95% of auditory (aud portion of VIII nerve) -1 IHC connected to 10+ nerves
79
Hair Cell Innervation: Afferent Innervation Type 2 Fibers
-unmyelinated -connect to outer hair cells -each outer hair cell shares innervation with over 10 other outer hair cells -1 nerve connected to at least 10 OHC
80
Hair Cell Innervation: Efferent Innervation
-olivocochlear bundle
81
Hair Cell Innervation: Efferent Innervation from superior olivary complex to cochlea
-activated by cortex -inhibitory function] -reduces activity of hair cells -crossed olivocochlear bundle inhibit outer hair cells: contralateral -uncrossed olivocochlear bundle inhibit inner hair cells: ipsilateral -help with signal to noise ratio
82
After Cochlea
-exit cochlear via modiolus -pass through internal auditory meatus: enters the central auditory nervous system
83
Central Auditory Pathway
-cochlear nuclei (bottom structure) -superior olivary complex -lateral lemniscus -inferior colliculus -medial geniculate body (last location in brainstem) -auditory cortex (temporal bone, top structure) -somewhere past cochlear nuclei 60-75% of neurons end up on contralateral side

Anatomy of Speech, Language, and Hearing (14 decks)

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