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Cardiovascular System > Anatomy of CVS 1 > Flashcards

Anatomy of CVS 1 Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

What is the hearts function

A

Pump

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2
Q

Arteries function

A

distribute blood from heart

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3
Q

Capillaries function

A

exchange nutrients

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4
Q

Veins function

A

Collect and return blood to heart

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5
Q

What are the 2 main circulations in the CVS

A

Pulmonary

Systemic

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6
Q

Where does the heart lie

A

between T5 and T8 in recombent position

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7
Q

Where is the apex located

A

Left ventricle in the 5th intercostal space in the midclavicular line

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8
Q

Where is the base located

A

Left atrium and lies wholly posterior and in front of the oesophagus

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9
Q

How does the heart position differ in children

A

It lies higher and more horizontal

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10
Q

What is situs inversus

A

congenital condition in which the major visceral organs are reversed or mirrored from their normal positions

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11
Q

What can Situs inversus cause

A

dextrocardia: your heart points toward the right side of your chest instead of the left side

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12
Q

What lies anterior to the heart (3)

A

Sternum and costal cartilage 4-7
Anterior edges are lung and pleurae
Thymic remnants

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13
Q

What lies posterior to the heart (3)

A

Oesophagus
Descending aorta
Thoracic vertebrae 5-8

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14
Q

What lies lateral to the heart (2)

A

Lungs

Phrenic nerve

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15
Q

What lies inferior to the heart

A

Central tendon of diaphragm

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16
Q

What are the structures of the heart (8)

A
  1. Layers of heart wall
  2. Chambers
  3. Heart valves
  4. Cardiac skeleton
  5. Coronary arteries
  6. Cardiac veins
  7. Pericardium
  8. Innervation
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17
Q

What are the layers of the heart wall

A
  • Endocardium (innermost): epithelium, BM and connective tissue
  • Myocardium (middle): cardiac muscle
  • Epicardium (outermost): Connective tissue, BM and epithelium
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18
Q

What is the epicardium also known as

A

Visceral pericardium

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19
Q

What do the endocardium form

A

Valves

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20
Q

What cells line the endocardium

A

simple squamous epithelium sitting on basement membrane (connective tissue)

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21
Q

What does the endocardium line

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A

The heart chamber

22
Q

What is the myocardium

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A

Thick middle layer of heart wall

23
Q

What cells are in the myocardium

24
Q

What cell features does the myocardium have

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A

Lots of mitochondria

Single central nucleus

25
What is the vasculature of the myocardium
Rich capillary bed
26
What are myocytes connected by
Intercalated discs
27
What is the epicardium
Outer layer of heart wall
28
What cells is the epicardium made out of
Simple squamous epithelium, BM and connective tissue
29
What is the epithelium of the epicardium
Visceral layer of serous pericardium
30
Can the epicardium be fatty (Y/N)
Yes
31
What are the 4 heart chambers
* Right atrium * Right ventricle * Left atrium * Left ventricle
32
What are the functions of the heart valve
Control direction of blood flow
33
What are the cusps in heart valves derived from
Endocardium
34
How do the heart valves work
Passively | The chordae tendinae and papillary muscles prevent valve failure
35
Widening of valves
Incompetence
36
Narrowing of valves
stenosis
37
Infection of valves
Bacterial endocarditis
38
What is the mitral valve also known as
Bicupsid valve
39
What are the bicupsid and tricupsid valves known as
The atrioventricular valves
40
What are the aortic and pulmonary valves known as
Semi-lunar valves and have 3 cusps
41
What is the fibrous cardiac skeleton
Composed of dense connective tissue | Lies in the plane between the atria and ventricles
42
What does the plane of the fibrous cardiac skeleton correspond to
Atrioventricular groove
43
Fibrous cardiac skeleton provides structural support for (4)
 AV septum  Roots of great vessels  Anchorage for valves  Myocytes/capillary network
44
Fibrous cardiac skeleton provides electrical insulation for (2)
 Atria from ventricles |  Myocardium from great vessels
45
At systole the what happens to the openings in aortic sinuses
They are sheielded by aortic valve cusps
46
At diastole what does the elastic recoil do
Closes aortic valve an allows blood to enter the arteries
47
Where are the coronary arteries located
Pericardium
48
At diastole what happens in the coronary arteries
The myocardium relaxes | Blood can flow into the capillaries
49
What holds in the heart in place
Great vessels within fibrous pericardium Central tendon Sternum Serous pericardium
50
What is the serous pericardium
Epithelium that secretes pericardial lubricant and allows freedom of movement during cardiac cycle

Cardiovascular System (42 decks)

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