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Flashcards in Diet and CVD Deck (21)
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1
Q

Main risk factors in CVD (9)

A
  • Diet
  • Obesity
  • Hypertension
  • Insulin resistance diabetes (type 2)- produce insulin but body doesn’t respond to it
  • Genetic
  • Foetal infant growth
  • Alcohol
  • Smoking
  • Physical activity
2
Q

Prevention strategies

A
  • Tackling unhealthy lifestyles (e.g. poor-quality diet, physical inactivity, smoking)
  • Optimising risk factors
3
Q

Pro-atherogenic factors (5)

A
  • Cholesterol
  • Saturated FA
  • Trans FA
  • Sodium
  • Alcohol
4
Q

Anti-atherogenic factors (6)

A
•	PUFA
•	CHO-rich diet
•	NSP
•	MUFA
•	Antioxidant
Phytochemicals
5
Q

PUFA (polyunsaturated fats)-n6

A

lowers LDL as well as HDL

6
Q

PUFA (polyunsaturated fats)- marine

A

Lowers TAG but has minimal effects on HDL and LDL

7
Q

Monounsaturated fats

A
  • mainly oleic and reduced both total and LDL cholesterol in the plasma
8
Q

CHO rich diet

A

reduces risk of CHD by reducing fat intake

9
Q

NsP (non-start polysaccharide)

A

correlated with decrease risk of CVD and it helps reduce cholesterol levels but not VLDL and TAG but beneficial on insulin secretion

10
Q

Antioxidant

A

essential components of the cellular defence against activated oxygen species

11
Q

Allicin

A

reduce platelets aggregation, increase fibrinolysis, decrease plasma fibronogen

12
Q

Cholesterol

A

Strong correlation with CHD

13
Q

Saturated fats

A

Raised blood cholesterol

14
Q

Trans Fat

A

Raises LDL and plasma TAG and lower HDL

15
Q

Sodium

A

Influences thrombosis by raising blood pressure

16
Q

Alcohol

A

Raises blood pressure

17
Q

What is the recommened intake of fish by WHO

A

0.2g/day

18
Q

What do beta glucans do and where are they found

A

Whole grain and lower cholesterol

19
Q

When beta-glucans are digested and metabolised in the microbiota what is the effect

A

Produces the metabolite SCFAs and reduces TMA

20
Q

The reduction of TMA means

A

The liver does not convert it to TMAO which contributes to atherosclerosis

21
Q

The increase of SCFAs results in (3)

A

Reduction in BP
Reduction in gluconeogenesis
Reduction in lipogenesis

Decks in Cardiovascular System Class (42):